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Home Eurosurveillance Monthly Release  2006: Volume 11/ Issue 6 Article 4 Printer friendly version
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Eurosurveillance, Volume 11, Issue 6, 01 June 2006
Surveillance report
Augmentation significative de la listériose en Allemagne – caractéristiques épidémiologiques, 2001-2005

Citation style for this article: Koch J, Stark K. Augmentation significative de la listériose en Allemagne – caractéristiques épidémiologiques, 2001-2005. Euro Surveill. 2006;11(6):pii=631. Available online: http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=631

 


J Koch, K Stark
Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Germany

 


En Allemagne, la listériose est une maladie à déclaration obligatoire depuis janvier 2001. Les cas cliniques avec isolement de Listeria monocytogenes à partir de sites stériles ou chez les nouveaux-nés sont rapportés à l’institut Robert Koch. L’incidence de la listériose a augmenté de manière significative de 0,26 pour 100 000 habitants (217 cas) en 2001 à 0,62 pour 100 000 habitants (519 cas) en 2005. L’augmentation ne concernait que les cas d’infections non materno-néonatales et était due essentiellement à un accroissement du nombre de cas dans le groupe d’âge > =60 ans. Les taux d’incidence les plus élevés ont été détectés chez les nouveau-nés et les personnes âgées de >=70 ans. Les hommes étaient les plus affectés, à l’exception des cas survenus chez des adultes en âge de procréer. Le taux global de mortalité était de 9%. Aucun cluster de cas n’a été identifié dans le temps ou l’espace, ni aucune épidémie avec source d’infection commune.
Dans 46% des cas, un cancer comme pathologie sous-jacente a été rapporté comme facteur prédisposant. Les raisons de l’augmentation de la listériose en Allemagne n’ont pas encore été élucidées. Le nouveau programme de surveillance mis en place ainsi qu’un meilleur diagnostic ne permettent pas d’expliquer l’augmentation particulièrement élevée du taux d’incidence de la maladie entre 2004 et 2005. Il est possible que la contamination accrue des denrées alimentaires courantes, l’évolution des pathologies sous-jacentes ou des options thérapeutiques aient pu contribuer à cette augmentation. Un programme de surveillance de la listériose a été mis en place en 2005 afin de recueillir des informations plus détaillées sur le déroulement clinique, les pathologies sous-jacentes, le traitement médical, la connaissance de la listériose et les éventuels facteurs de risque alimentaires auprès de tous les cas nouvellement diagnostiqués. Pour faciliter la détection des épidémies, la mise en place d’un système national de surveillance renforcée pour le sous-typage moléculaire des souches de listeria isolées chez l’homme et dans les produits alimentaires est nécessaire. Les recommandations de prévention devraient être étendues à tous les groupes à risque présentant un terrain prédisposant.


 
L'article complet est disponible en anglais

 

 



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