Proposed European recommendations for post-exposure prophylaxis against HIV infection in healthcare workers |
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According to exposure: |
Post Exposure Prophylaxis |
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percutaneous injury |
Recommended |
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exposure of mucous membrane |
Considered |
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exposure of non intact skin |
Considered |
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exposure of intact skin |
Discouraged |
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bite |
Considered |
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According to material: |
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blood |
Recommended |
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body materials containing visible blood |
Recommended |
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cerebrospinal fluid |
Recommended |
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concentrated virus in a research lab. or production facility |
Recommended |
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semen; vaginal secretions; synovial, pleural, peritoneal, pericardial, or amniotic fluid, and tissues |
Considered |
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urine, vomit, saliva, faeces, tears, sweat, sputum |
Discouraged |
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According to source patient: |
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known to be HIV infected |
Recommended |
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serostatus unknown Inform the source patient and ask for informed consent to HIV testing. Assure “immediate” results in order to prevent unnecessary initiation of PEP. Rapid HIV antibody test could be useful for diagnosis of HIV infection in source patient. |
Considered |
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who denies his/her consent to HIV test Consider the likelihood of HIV infection in the source |
Considered |
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unknown or who cannot be tested |
Considered |
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HIV seronegative In the absence of clinical or epidemiological likelihood of HIV infection in the source patient, p24 HIV antigen testing or biomolecular assays are not recommended. |
Discouraged |