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Abstract

BACKGROUND

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), a neuroinvasive disease in humans, is endemic in north-east Italy and nationally notifiable since 2017. Domestic TBE incidence, although low, has increased in recent years while TBE vaccination coverage remains < 10%.

AIM

We aimed to estimate the burden of TBE virus (TBEV) infections in north-east Italy (Triveneto) in 2017–2024.

METHODS

We estimated disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) with 95% uncertainty intervals (UI) using the Burden of Communicable Diseases in Europe software. Input data included TBE cases notified in 2017–2024 with residence and/or infection or exposure in Triveneto (autonomous provinces (AP) of Trento and Bolzano and regions of Veneto and Friuli-Venezia Giulia) and correction factors for TBE underdiagnosis and TBEV infection under-ascertainment.

RESULTS

In 2017–2024, 295 TBE cases were notified in Triveneto. The mean annual burden of TBEV infections was estimated at 0.58 (95% UI: 0.55–0.62) DALYs per 100,000 population. Estimates were highest in 2022 (1.07; 95% UI: 1.00–1.14 DALYs/100,000). The areas with the highest burden were Belluno province (4.17; 95% UI: 3.88–4.46 DALYs/100,000/year) and the AP of Trento (2.84; 95% UI: 2.65–3.05 DALYs/100,000/year). Males accounted for 67.0% of DALYs. All age groups experienced on average ≤ 1 DALYs per 100,000 population per year.

CONCLUSION

The burden of TBEV infections in north-east Italy is relatively low and with an uneven geographical distribution. Increasing TBE vaccination coverage across age groups, prioritising elevated impact areas, may reduce the burden of TBEV infections in north-east Italy and maintain TBE as a low-burden disease.

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2026-04-30
2026-05-15
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Assessing the annual burden of tick-borne encephalitis virus infections, north-east Italy, 2017 to 2024
<p class="citation"> <span>Citation style for this article:</span> <span class="meta-value authors"> <a href="/search?value1=Emmanouil+Alexandros+Fotakis&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Fotakis Emmanouil Alexandros</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Martina+Del+Manso&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Del Manso Martina</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Piero+Poletti&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Poletti Piero</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Giorgio+Guzzetta&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Guzzetta Giorgio</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Antonino+Bella&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Bella Antonino</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Chiara+Sacco&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Sacco Chiara</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Debora+Ballarin&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Ballarin Debora</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Cristina+Zappetti&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Zappetti Cristina</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Maria+Grazia+Zuccali&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Zuccali Maria Grazia</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Silvia+Spertini&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Spertini Silvia</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Flavia+Riccardo&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Riccardo Flavia</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Patrizio+Pezzotti&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Pezzotti Patrizio</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Stefano+Merler&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Merler Stefano</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Tick-borne+encephalitis+group&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Tick-borne encephalitis group</a></span>. Assessing the annual burden of tick-borne encephalitis virus infections, north-east Italy, 2017 to 2024. <a href="/content/ecdc">Euro Surveill.</a> 2026;31(17):pii=2500733. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.17.2500733" title="doi link" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.17.2500733</a> <span class="ES_Article_citation"> <span class="generated">Received</span>: 18 Sept 2025;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class="generated">Accepted</span>: 08 Jan 2026 </span> </p>
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