1887
Rapid communication Open Access
Like 0

Abstract

On 22 August, a common whitethroat in the Netherlands tested positive for West Nile virus lineage 2. The same bird had tested negative in spring. Subsequent testing of mosquitoes collected in August and early September in the same location generated two of 44 positive mosquito pools, providing first evidence for enzootic transmission in the Netherlands. Sequences generated from the positive mosquito pools clustered with sequences that originate from Germany, Austria and the Czech Republic.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.40.2001704
2020-10-08
2024-03-28
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.40.2001704
Loading
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/eurosurveillance/25/40/eurosurv-25-40-1.html?itemId=/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.40.2001704&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Rijks JM, Kik ML, Slaterus R, Foppen R, Stroo A, IJzer J, et al. Widespread Usutu virus outbreak in birds in the Netherlands, 2016. Euro Surveill. 2016;21(45):30391.  https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.45.30391  PMID: 27918257 
  2. Oude Munnink BB, Münger E, Nieuwenhuijse DF, Kohl R, van der Linden A, Schapendonk CME, et al. Genomic monitoring to understand the emergence and spread of Usutu virus in the Netherlands, 2016-2018. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):2798.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-59692-y  PMID: 32071379 
  3. Mweresa CK, Omusula P, Otieno B, van Loon JJA, Takken W, Mukabana WR. Molasses as a source of carbon dioxide for attracting the malaria mosquitoes Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus. Malar J. 2014;13(1):160.  https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-13-160  PMID: 24767543 
  4. Lim SM, Koraka P, Osterhaus ADME, Martina BEE. Development of a strand-specific real-time qRT-PCR for the accurate detection and quantitation of West Nile virus RNA. J Virol Methods. 2013;194(1-2):146-53.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.07.050  PMID: 23965252 
  5. Oude Munnink BB, Nieuwenhuijse DF, Stein M, O’Toole Á, Haverkate M, Mollers M, et al. , Dutch-Covid-19 response team. Rapid SARS-CoV-2 whole-genome sequencing and analysis for informed public health decision-making in the Netherlands. Nat Med. 2020;26(9):1405-10.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0997-y  PMID: 32678356 
  6. Benson DA, Karsch-Mizrachi I, Lipman DJ, Ostell J, Sayers EW. GenBank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010;38(Database issue) suppl_1;D46-51.  https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkp1024  PMID: 19910366 
  7. Minh BQ, Schmidt HA, Chernomor O, Schrempf D, Woodhams MD, von Haeseler A, et al. IQ-TREE 2: new models and efficient methods for phylogenetic inference in the genomic era. Mol Biol Evol. 2020;37(5):1530-4.  https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msaa015  PMID: 32011700 
  8. Edgar RC. MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Nucleic Acids Res. 2004;32(5):1792-7.  https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkh340  PMID: 15034147 
  9. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). West Nile fever cases by affected areas in Europe and the Mediterranean, 2010 transmission season. Stockholm: ECDC. [Accessed: 24 Sep 2020]. Available from: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/west-nile-fever-cases-affected-areas-europe-and-mediterranean-2010-transmission
  10. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Epidemiological update: West Nile virus transmission season in Europe, 2019. Stockholm: ECDC; 2019. Available from: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/news-events/epidemiological-update-west-nile-virus-transmission-season-europe-2019
  11. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Weekly updates: 2020 West Nile virus transmission season. Stockholm: ECDC. [Accessed: 21 Sep 2020]. Available from: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/west-nile-fever/surveillance-and-disease-data/disease-data-ecdc
  12. Esser HJ, Mögling R, Cleton NB, van der Jeugd H, Sprong H, Stroo A, et al. Risk factors associated with sustained circulation of six zoonotic arboviruses: a systematic review for selection of surveillance sites in non-endemic areas. Parasit Vectors. 2019;12(1):265.  https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-019-3515-7  PMID: 31133059 
  13. Owen J, Moore F, Panella N, Edwards E, Bru R, Hughes M, et al. Migrating birds as dispersal vehicles for West Nile virus. EcoHealth. 2006;3(2):79-85.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-006-0025-9 
  14. Colpitts TM, Conway MJ, Montgomery RR, Fikrig E. West Nile Virus: biology, transmission, and human infection. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2012;25(4):635-48.  https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00045-12  PMID: 23034323 
  15. Vogels CB, Göertz GP, Pijlman GP, Koenraadt CJ. Vector competence of European mosquitoes for West Nile virus. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2017;6(11):e96.  https://doi.org/10.1038/emi.2017.82  PMID: 29116220 
  16. Fros JJ, Geertsema C, Vogels CB, Roosjen PP, Failloux A-B, Vlak JM, et al. West Nile virus: high transmission rate in north-western European mosquitoes indicates its epidemic potential and warrants increased surveillance. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015;9(7):e0003956.  https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003956  PMID: 26225555 
  17. Lim SM, Brault AC, van Amerongen G, Sewbalaksing VD, Osterhaus ADME, Martina BEE, et al. Susceptibility of European jackdaws (Corvus monedula) to experimental infection with lineage 1 and 2 West Nile viruses. J Gen Virol. 2014;95(Pt 6):1320-9.  https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.063651-0  PMID: 24671752 
  18. Lim SM, Brault AC, van Amerongen G, Bosco-Lauth AM, Romo H, Sewbalaksing VD, et al. Susceptibility of carrion crows to experimental infection with lineage 1 and 2 West Nile viruses. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015;21(8):1357-65.  https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2108.140714  PMID: 26197093 
  19. Root JJ, Bosco-Lauth AM. West Nile virus associations in wild mammals: an update. Viruses. 2019;11(5):E459.  https://doi.org/10.3390/v11050459  PMID: 31117189 
  20. Lim SM, Geervliet M, Verhagen JH, Müskens GJDM, Majoor FA, Osterhaus ADME, et al. Serologic evidence of West Nile virus and Usutu virus infections in Eurasian coots in the Netherlands. Zoonoses Public Health. 2018;65(1):96-102.  https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.12375  PMID: 28688117 
  21. Vogeltrekstation. [Dutch Centre for Avian Migration and Demography]. Grasmus Sylvia communis. [Warbler Sylvia communis]. Wageningen; Vogeltrekstation. [Accessed: 29 Sep 2020]. Dutch. Available from: http://www.vogeltrekatlas.nl/soortzoek2.html?-0-Grasmus-Totaal
  22. Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI). Augustus vol warmterecords. [English title]. De Bilt: KNMI; 2020. Dutch. Available from: https://www.knmi.nl/over-het-knmi/nieuws/augustus-vol-warmterecords
  23. Gossner CM, Marrama L, Carson M, Allerberger F, Calistri P, Dilaveris D, et al. West Nile virus surveillance in Europe: moving towards an integrated animal-human-vector approach. Euro Surveill. 2017;22(18):30526.  https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.18.30526  PMID: 28494844 
  24. Esser HJ, Liefting Y, Ibáñez-Justicia A, van der Jeugd H, van Turnhout CAM, Stroo A, et al. Spatial risk analysis for the introduction and circulation of six arboviruses in the Netherlands. Parasit Vectors. 2020;13(1):464.  https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04339-0  PMID: 32912330 
/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.40.2001704
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Supplementary data

Submit comment
Close
Comment moderation successfully completed
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error