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- Volume 29, Issue 6, 08/Feb/2024
Eurosurveillance - Volume 29, Issue 6, 08 February 2024
Volume 29, Issue 6, 2024
- Rapid communication
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Early estimates of nirsevimab immunoprophylaxis effectiveness against hospital admission for respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infections in infants, Spain, October 2023 to January 2024
Mónica López-Lacort , Cintia Muñoz-Quiles , Ainara Mira-Iglesias , F Xavier López-Labrador , Beatriz Mengual-Chuliá , Carlos Fernández-García , Mario Carballido-Fernández , Ana Pineda-Caplliure , Juan Mollar-Maseres , Maruan Shalabi Benavent , Francisco Sanz-Herrero , Matilde Zornoza-Moreno , Jaime Jesús Pérez-Martín , Santiago Alfayate-Miguelez , Rocío Pérez Crespo , Encarnación Bastida Sánchez , Ana Isabel Menasalvas-Ruiz , Mª Cinta Téllez-González , Samuel Esquiva Soto , Carlos Del Toro Saravia , Iván Sanz-Muñoz , José María Eiros , Vanesa Matías Del Pozo , Marina Toquero-Asensi , Eliseo Pastor-Villalba , José Antonio Lluch-Rodrigo , Javier Díez-Domingo and Alejandro Orrico-SánchezThe monoclonal antibody nirsevimab was at least 70% effective in preventing hospitalisations in infants with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) positive for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in Spain (Oct 2023–Jan 2024), where a universal immunisation programme began late September (coverage range: 79–99%). High protection was confirmed by two methodological designs (screening and test-negative) in a multicentre active surveillance in nine hospitals in three regions. No protection against RSV-negative LRTI-hospitalisations was shown. These interim results could guide public-health decision-making.
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Detection of Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in Hyalomma marginatum ticks, southern France, May 2022 and April 2023
Célia Bernard , Charlotte Joly Kukla , Ignace Rakotoarivony , Maxime Duhayon , Frédéric Stachurski , Karine Huber , Carla Giupponi , Iyonna Zortman , Philippe Holzmuller , Thomas Pollet , Mélanie Jeanneau , Alice Mercey , Nathalie Vachiery , Thierry Lefrançois , Claire Garros , Vincent Michaud , Loic Comtet , Léa Despois , Philippe Pourquier , Caroline Picard , Alexandra Journeaux , Damien Thomas , Sabine Godard , Elodie Moissonnier , Stéphane Mely , Manon Sega , Delphine Pannetier , Sylvain Baize and Laurence VialCrimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF), a potentially severe zoonotic viral disease causing fever and haemorrhagic manifestations in humans. As the Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) has been detected in ticks in Spain and antibodies against the virus in ruminant sera in Corsica, it was necessary to know more about the situation in France. In 2022–2023, CCHFV was detected in 155 ticks collected from horses and cattle in southern France.
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- Surveillance
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Rethinking Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) surveillance definitions based on changing healthcare utilisation and a more realistic incubation period: reviewing data from a tertiary-referral hospital, Ireland, 2012 to 2021
BackgroundCommunity-associated Clostridioides difficile infections (CA-CDI) have increased worldwide. Patients with CDI-related symptoms occurring < 48 hours after hospitalisation and no inpatient stay 12 weeks prior are classified as CA-CDI, regardless of hospital day attendances 3 months before CDI onset. Healthcare-associated (HA) CDIs include those with symptom onset ≥ 48 hours post hospitalisation.
AimTo consider an incubation period more reflective of CDI, and changing healthcare utilisation, we measured how varying surveillance specifications to categorise patients according to their CDI origin resulted in changes in patients’ distribution among CDI origin categories.
MethodsNew CDI cases between 2012–2021 from our hospital were reviewed. For patients with CA-CDI, hospital day attendances in the 3 months prior were recorded. CA-CDI patients with hospital day attendances and recently discharged CDI patients (RD-CDI; CDI onset 4–12 weeks after discharge) were combined into a new ‘healthcare-exposure’ category (HE-CDI). Time from hospitalisation to disease onset was varied and the midpoint between optimal and balanced cut-offs was used instead of 48 hours to categorise HA-CDI.
ResultsOf 1,047 patients, 801 (76%) were HA-CDI, 205 (20%) CA-CDI and 41 (4%) were RD-CDI. Of the CA-CDI cohort, 45 (22%) met recent HE-CDI criteria and, when reassigned, reduced CA-CDI to 15%. Sensitivity analysis indicated a day 4 cut-off for assigning HA-CDI. Applying this led to 46 HA-CDI reassigned as CA-CDI. Applying both HE and day 4 criteria led to 72% HA-CDI, 20% CA-CDI, and 8% HE-CDI (previously RD-CDI).
ConclusionCDI surveillance specifications reflecting healthcare exposure and an incubation period more characteristic of C. difficile may improve targeted CDI prevention interventions.
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- Research
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Encephalitis in HIV-negative immunodeficient patients: a prospective multicentre study, France, 2016 to 2019
BackgroundData on infectious encephalitis in immunodeficient (ID) individuals are scarce. This population may present with atypical clinical symptoms, be infected by uncommon pathogens and develop poor outcomes.
AimWe aimed to describe the epidemiology of infectious encephalitis among HIV-negative ID patients.
MethodsPatients from the ENCEIF (Etude Nationale de Cohorte des Encéphalites Infectieuses en France) prospective cohort meeting criteria for infectious encephalitis between January 2016 and December 2019 were included. We compared clinical presentation, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results, biological results, infection causes and outcome of ID patients with immunocompetent (IC) patients using Pearson’s chi-squared test and Student’s t-test. We carried out logistic regression to assess the role of immunodeficiency as risk factor for poor outcome.
ResultsID patients (n = 58) were older (mean 72 vs 59 years), had higher prevalence of diabetes (26% vs 12%), pre-existing neurological disorders (12% vs 5%) and higher case-fatality rate (23.6% vs 5.6%) compared to IC patients (n = 436). Varicella zoster virus was the primary cause of encephalitis in ID patients (this aetiology was more frequent in ID (25.9%) than in IC patients (11.5%)), with herpes simplex virus second (22.4% in ID patients vs 27.3% in IC patients). Immunodeficiency was an independent risk factor for death or major sequelae (odds ratio: 3.41, 95%CI: 1.70–6.85).
ConclusionsVaricella zoster virus is the most frequent cause of infectious encephalitis in ID patients. Immunodeficiency is a major risk factor for poor outcome. ID encephalitis patients should benefit from stringent investigation of cause and early empiric treatment.
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Volumes & issues
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Volume 29 (2024)
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Volume 28 (2023)
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Volume 27 (2022)
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Volume 26 (2021)
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Volume 25 (2020)
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Volume 24 (2019)
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Volume 23 (2018)
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Volume 22 (2017)
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Volume 21 (2016)
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Volume 20 (2015)
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Volume 19 (2014)
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Volume 18 (2013)
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Volume 17 (2012)
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Volume 16 (2011)
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Volume 15 (2010)
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Volume 14 (2009)
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Volume 13 (2008)
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Volume 12 (2007)
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Volume 11 (2006)
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Volume 10 (2005)
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Volume 9 (2004)
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Volume 8 (2003)
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Volume 7 (2002)
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Volume 6 (2001)
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Volume 5 (2000)
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Volume 4 (1999)
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Volume 3 (1998)
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Volume 2 (1997)
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Volume 1 (1996)
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Volume 0 (1995)
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Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR
Victor M Corman , Olfert Landt , Marco Kaiser , Richard Molenkamp , Adam Meijer , Daniel KW Chu , Tobias Bleicker , Sebastian Brünink , Julia Schneider , Marie Luisa Schmidt , Daphne GJC Mulders , Bart L Haagmans , Bas van der Veer , Sharon van den Brink , Lisa Wijsman , Gabriel Goderski , Jean-Louis Romette , Joanna Ellis , Maria Zambon , Malik Peiris , Herman Goossens , Chantal Reusken , Marion PG Koopmans and Christian Drosten
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