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Eurosurveillance
Since 1995, Eurosurveillance has provided the European public health community with an open-access platform to exchange relevant findings on communicable disease surveillance, prevention and control. A weekly, electronic, peer-reviewed publication, Eurosurveillance aims to provide timely facts and guidance for public health professionals and decision-makers in the field of infectious disease to facilitate the implementation of effective prevention and control measures. Impact factor: 9.9. More...
Latest Issue: Volume 29, Issue 42, 17 October 2024 Latest Issue RSS feed
- Rapid communication
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Epidemiological analysis of confirmed mpox cases, Burundi, 3 July to 9 September 2024
We analysed mpox cases in Burundi from July to September 2024, following the introduction of Clade Ib virus. Of 607 samples from the whole population of suspected cases, 154 were PCR-positive, of whom 85 were children under 15 years, with a higher proportion of female children testing positive. Geographical analysis demonstrates case concentration in Bujumbura Mairie (91/154). Age- and sex-specific interventions, as well as community engagement, are important for outbreak containment, as are targeted public health strategies in Burundi.
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Monkeypox Clade Ib virus introduction into Burundi: first findings, July to mid-August 2024
Néhémie Nzoyikorera , Cassien Nduwimana , Leonard Schuele , David F Nieuwenhuijse , Marion Koopmans , Saria Otani , Frank M Aarestrup , Théogène Ihorimbere , Denis Niyomwungere , Armstrong Ndihokubwayo , Idrissa Diawara , Alexis Niyomwungere , Dionis Nizigiyimana , Marie Noelle Uwineza , Bas B Oude Munnink and Joseph NyandwiWe describe cases with monkeypox virus (MPXV) Clade Ib in Burundi from their first detection in July until 20 August 2024. Testing 442 people with vesicular lesions confirmed 170 cases (98 male; 72 female), 82 (48%) being < 15 years old. Differential diagnosis of the first 30 individuals testing MPXV negative revealed chickenpox in 20. Cases occurred in 26 of 49 Burundi health districts, but mostly in Bujumbura Nord (88/170; 67%). Case-derived MPXV genetic sequences from Burundi and South-Kivu (Democratic Republic of the Congo), clustered together in phylogenetic analysis.
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Diagnostic and surveillance testing capability for mpox in the EU/EEA, September 2024
More LessIn response to the increasing number of mpox cases caused by monkeypox virus (MPXV) clade I in the African continent and the first reported travel-related clade Ib case of mpox in EU/EEA, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control surveyed national capability for detection and characterisation of MPXV in the EU/EEA. The results showed high level of capability for case confirmation by PCR, alongside molecular typing methods for identification of MPXV clades and/or clade I subclades within the EU/EEA.
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- Surveillance
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Sweden surpasses the UNAIDS 95-95-95 target: estimating HIV-1 incidence, 2003 to 2022
BackgroundSweden reached the UNAIDS 90–90–90 target in 2015. It is important to reassess the HIV epidemiological situation due to ever-changing migration patterns, the roll-out of PrEP and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
AimWe aimed to assess the progress towards the UNAIDS 95–95–95 targets in Sweden by estimating the proportion of undiagnosed people with HIV (PWHIV) and HIV incidence trends.
MethodsWe used routine laboratory data to inform a biomarker model of time since infection. When available, we used previous negative test dates, arrival dates for PWHIV from abroad and transmission modes to inform our incidence model. We also used data collected from the Swedish InfCareHIV register on antiretroviral therapy (ART).
ResultsThe yearly incidence of HIV in Sweden decreased after 2014. In part, this was because the fraction of undiagnosed PWHIV had decreased almost twofold since 2006. After 2015, three of four PWHIV in Sweden were diagnosed within 1.9 and 3.2 years after infection among men who have sex with men and in heterosexual groups, respectively. While 80% of new PWHIV in Sweden acquired HIV before immigration, they make up 50% of the current PWHIV in Sweden. By 2022, 96% of all PWHIV in Sweden had been diagnosed, and 99% of them were on ART, with 98% virally suppressed.
ConclusionsBy 2022, about half of all PWHIV in Sweden acquired HIV abroad. Using our new biomarker model, we assess that Sweden has reached the UNAIDS goal at 96–99–98.
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- Perspective
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Highly pathogenic avian influenza management policy in domestic poultry: from reacting to preventing
The emergence of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses in 2021 has led to unprecedented epidemics in poultry, changing epidemiological patterns of year-round infections in resident wild avifauna and more frequent spill-over events to mammals. Given this situation, it is important that we recognise that traditional HPAI management strategies are no longer sufficient, and policy changes are required. Poultry vaccination has emerged as a crucial intervention in the current control of HPAI, as evidenced by France's nationwide campaign targeting domestic ducks. However, due to the logistical challenges and potential trade implications of vaccination, broader structural reforms appear also necessary. These include a shift from farm-level to territorial-level biosecurity approaches, putting into practice the concept of ‘regional biosecurity’. Given the role duck farm density has played in successive HPAI epidemics in France, there is a need to think about the spatial distribution of poultry farms as a structural component of regional biosecurity and to consider the reduction of farm concentration as a measure to prevent viral spread. The integration of regional biosecurity and poultry vaccination into prevention strategies should impact the way poultry are produced and traded in the future.
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- Letter
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Recent articles
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Enhanced laboratory surveillance of respiratory infection disclosed the rapid rise of enterovirus D68 cases, northern Italy, August to September 2024
Elena Pariani , Antonio Piralla , Laura Pellegrinelli , Federica Giardina , Vincenzo Navobi Porrello , Greta Romano , Cristina Galli , Laura Sandri , Guglielmo Ferrari , Sandro Binda , Luigi Vezzosi , Gabriele Del Castillo , Sabrina Buoro , Danilo Cereda , Fausto Baldanti and Respiratory viruses pandemic preparedness group Lombardy
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