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Eurosurveillance - Current Issue -Volume 31, Issue 9, 05/Mar/2026
Volume 31, Issue 9, 2026
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Burkholderia stabilis infections associated with contamination of non-sterile alcohol-free skin cleansing wipes, United Kingdom, 2018 to 2026
Aideen Carroll , Rebecca Stretch , Dan Blackman , Ashley Popay , Dervla Kenna , Michaela Day , Caroline Willis , Karren Staniforth , David Williams , Karen Osman , Georgina Russell , Jennie Papprill , Jack Gordon-Brown , Gemma Fear , Mariyam Mirfenderesky , Dakshika Jeyaratnam , Catherine Searle , Richard Pebody , Colin S Brown , Sarah L Milligan and James ElstonMore LessA Burkholderia stabilis (ST480) outbreak associated with skin cleansing wipes has comprised 59 confirmed cases in the United Kingdom 2018–2026. Cases included patients with co-morbidities and clinically relevant infections. There was one associated death. Burkholderia stabilis was recovered from non-sterile alcohol-free cleansing wipes which did not have the relevant medicines authorisation. Products were suspended from sale though not recalled, and the outbreak continued following public health intervention. We highlight risks of potential relevance to other countries.
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- Outbreaks
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The role of contaminated eggshells used in poultry feed in a diffuse nationwide outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis, the Netherlands, 2023 to 2025
Dana LL Adriaansens , Oda E van den Berg , Maren I Lanzl , Coen van der Weijden , Mark van Dommelen , Karin Nagel , Jenny Batstra-Blokpoel , Diederik AH Brandwagt , Kim van der Zwaluw , Kirsten Mooijman , Angela HAM van Hoek , Joline Mans-Poulie , Maaike van den Beld , Greetje Castelijn , Miriam Koene , Ife A Slegers-Fitz-James , Eelco Franz and Roan PijnackerMore LessWe describe a large and prolonged outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis in the Netherlands. Between June 2023 and September 2025, we identified 227 outbreak cases (110 males, 114 females, three with missing information of sex; median age 43 years). Outbreak cases were individuals whose isolates belonged to the outbreak cluster based on whole genome sequencing (WGS) using single-linkage clustering with a threshold of ≤ 5 allelic differences, since June 2023. A case–control study focussing on egg consumption was conducted, alongside trace-back and trace-forward investigations. Findings of the case–control study confirmed the existence of two WGS subclusters: subcluster A linked to barn eggs (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 5.8; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.11–15.99) and subcluster B linked to organic eggs (aOR = 63.6; 95% CI: 6.04–670.55). Isolates from 14 laying hen farms and eggshells were linked to the outbreak, suggesting the outbreak had multiple sources. Inadequate processing of contaminated eggshells before their use in poultry feed was most probably contributing to the spread and length of the outbreak. Measures to improve raw material control for animal feed were implemented, contributing to a decline in case numbers. However, since the outbreak likely had multiple sources, new cases continue to be detected, especially in subcluster B.
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- Surveillance
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Cross-sectional seroprevalence study of measles antibodies among children to identify gaps in population immunity, Ireland, 2024
More LessBACKGROUNDGlobal resurgence of measles highlights the need for countries to identify and address immunity gaps. This is challenging given antibody waning and, in Ireland, the absence of robust national vaccine coverage data, population changes due to migration and outdated population-level seroprevalence data from the last national serosurvey (2003).
AIMWe aimed to determine the seroprevalence of measles IgG in children aged 3–17 years in Ireland.
METHODSConvenience sampling of anonymised residual serum samples from four hospital laboratories across four of six health regions was conducted between 1 February and 19 June 2024. Samples were tested for measles IgG antibodies using a commercial chemiluminescence immunoassay. Seropositivity was adjusted for test sensitivity and specificity and was calculated by sex, age and location.
RESULTSIn total 2,509 of 2,924 samples were seropositive and 415 were seronegative indicating measles IgG seroprevalence of 90.3% (95% confidence interval (CI): 89.2–91.4), with no significant difference by sex. Children aged 3–5 years (94.9%; 95% CI: 92.4–96.6) and 6–9 years (94.2%; 95% CI: 91.7–95.9) had significantly higher seropositivity when compared with children aged 10–13 years (89.1%; 95% CI: 86.6–91.3) and 14–17 years (87.6%; 95% CI: 85.5–89.4).
CONCLUSIONOur findings suggest close to adequate protection against measles among children 3–9 years but suboptimal (< 95%) protection among children aged 10–17 years. This immunity gap is not reflected in measles vaccine coverage data, highlighting the utility of seroprevalence data to enhance knowledge of clinical protection at population level and to inform vaccination strategies.
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- Research
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Two-season effectiveness of a single nirsevimab dose against RSV hospitalisation in healthy term-born infants: a population-based case–control study, Spain, October 2023 to March 2025
Olivier Núñez , Juan Juaneda , Montserrat Martinez-Marcos , Enriqueta Muñoz Platón , Eva Rivas Wagner , María-Isolina Santiago-Pérez , Virginia Álvarez Río , Matilde Zornoza Moreno , Ana Fernández Ibáñez , Gisselle Perez Suarez , Gorka Loroño Ortiz , Nerea Egüés , Belén Berradre Sáenz , María de los Ángeles Cuesta Franco , Susana Casado Cobo , María Domínguez Padilla , Daniel Castrillejo , Ana Míguez Santiyán , Luca Basile , María Ángeles Rafael de la Cruz López , Diana Sanabria Curbelo , Olaia Pérez-Martínez , M Jesús Rodríguez Recio , Lourdes Duro Gómez , María del Pilar Alonso Vigil , Manuel Mendez Diaz , Rosa Sancho , Jesús Castilla , Ana Carmen Ibáñez Pérez , Noa Batalla Rebollo , Lucía Sánchez Piorno , Ninoska López Berrios , Joaquín Lamas , Carmen Olmedo , Susana Monge , Roberto Pastor-Barriuso and the Nirsevimab Effectiveness Study CollaboratorsMore LessBACKGROUNDIn autumn 2023, Spain recommended nirsevimab to all infants born after 1 April 2023, as catch-up or at-birth immunisation.
AIMWe estimated effectiveness of a single nirsevimab dose against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospitalisations throughout two seasons in healthy term-born infants.
METHODSCases were children born 1 April 2023 through 31 March 2024 after 35 gestation weeks without major comorbidities and hospitalised for RSV infection between 2023 immunisation campaign onset and 31 March 2025. We selected four healthy population-density controls per case, matched by province and birth date. Using target trial emulation, causal per-protocol effectiveness was estimated for catch-up (within 30 days of 2023 campaign onset) and at-birth immunisation (within 14 days of life) through cloning, censoring and inverse-probability-weighted conditional logistic regression.
RESULTSWe included 235/905 cases/controls for catch-up and 334/1,292 cases/controls for at-birth immunisation (first season), and 188/713 cases/controls for catch-up and 328/1,269 cases/controls for at-birth immunisation (second season). Two-season effectiveness was 64% (95% confidence interval (CI): 52–72) and 67% (95% CI: 59–74) for catch-up and at-birth immunisation, respectively, compared with 78% (95% CI: 70–84) and 84% (95% CI: 79–88) during first season and −8% (95% CI: −88 to 38) and 20% (95% CI: −21 to 46) during second season.
CONCLUSIONNirsevimab was an effective long-term population-level intervention, decreasing RSV hospitalisations by two-thirds during the first two seasons of life. Effectiveness during second season was low or null, although it may be underestimated due to unavoidable survivor bias. The RSV hospitalisation rate among immunised children did not rebound in the second season.
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Volumes & issues
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Volume 31 (2026)
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Volume 30 (2025)
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Volume 29 (2024)
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Volume 28 (2023)
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Volume 27 (2022)
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Volume 26 (2021)
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Volume 25 (2020)
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Volume 24 (2019)
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Volume 23 (2018)
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Volume 22 (2017)
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Volume 21 (2016)
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Volume 20 (2015)
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Volume 19 (2014)
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Volume 18 (2013)
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Volume 17 (2012)
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Volume 16 (2011)
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Volume 15 (2010)
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Volume 14 (2009)
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Volume 13 (2008)
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Volume 12 (2007)
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Volume 11 (2006)
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Volume 10 (2005)
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Volume 9 (2004)
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Volume 8 (2003)
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Volume 7 (2002)
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Volume 6 (2001)
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Volume 5 (2000)
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Volume 4 (1999)
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Volume 3 (1998)
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Volume 2 (1997)
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Volume 1 (1996)
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Volume 0 (1995)
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Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR
Victor M Corman , Olfert Landt , Marco Kaiser , Richard Molenkamp , Adam Meijer , Daniel KW Chu , Tobias Bleicker , Sebastian Brünink , Julia Schneider , Marie Luisa Schmidt , Daphne GJC Mulders , Bart L Haagmans , Bas van der Veer , Sharon van den Brink , Lisa Wijsman , Gabriel Goderski , Jean-Louis Romette , Joanna Ellis , Maria Zambon , Malik Peiris , Herman Goossens , Chantal Reusken , Marion PG Koopmans and Christian Drosten
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