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Abstract

The 2014/15 influenza season in the United Kingdom (UK) was characterised by circulation of predominantly antigenically and genetically drifted influenza A(H3N2) and B viruses. A universal paediatric influenza vaccination programme using a quadrivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) has recently been introduced in the UK. This study aims to measure the end-of-season influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE), including for LAIV, using the test negative case–control design. The overall adjusted VE against all influenza was 34.3% (95% confidence interval (CI) 17.8 to 47.5); for A(H3N2) 29.3% (95% CI: 8.6 to 45.3) and for B 46.3% (95% CI: 13.9 to 66.5). For those aged under 18 years, influenza A(H3N2) LAIV VE was 35% (95% CI: −29.9 to 67.5), whereas for influenza B the LAIV VE was 100% (95% CI:17.0 to 100.0). Although the VE against influenza A(H3N2) infection was low, there was still evidence of significant protection, together with moderate, significant protection against drifted circulating influenza B viruses. LAIV provided non-significant positive protection against influenza A, with significant protection against B. Further work to assess the population impact of the vaccine programme across the UK is underway.

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/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2015.20.36.30013
2015-09-10
2024-04-23
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2015.20.36.30013
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Effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccine in preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza in primary care in the United Kingdom: 2014/15 end of season results
<p class="citation"> <span>Citation style for this article:</span> <span class="meta-value authors"> <a href="/search?value1=Richard+Pebody&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Pebody Richard</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Fiona+Warburton&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Warburton Fiona</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Nick+Andrews&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Andrews Nick</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Joanna+Ellis&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Ellis Joanna</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Beatrix+von+Wissmann&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">von Wissmann Beatrix</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Chris+Robertson&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Robertson Chris</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Ivelina+Yonova&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Yonova Ivelina</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Simon+Cottrell&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Cottrell Simon</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Naomh+Gallagher&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Gallagher Naomh</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Helen+Green&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Green Helen</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Catherine+Thompson&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Thompson Catherine</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Monica+Galiano&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Galiano Monica</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Diogo+Marques&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Marques Diogo</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Rory+Gunson&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Gunson Rory</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Arlene+Reynolds&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Reynolds Arlene</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Catherine+Moore&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Moore Catherine</a>, <a href="/search?value1=David+Mullett&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Mullett David</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Sameera+Pathirannehelage&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Pathirannehelage Sameera</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Matthew+Donati&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Donati Matthew</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Jillian+Johnston&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Johnston Jillian</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Simon+de+Lusignan&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">de Lusignan Simon</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Jim+McMenamin&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">McMenamin Jim</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Maria+Zambon&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Zambon Maria</a></span>. Effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccine in preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza in primary care in the United Kingdom: 2014/15 end of season results. <a href="/content/ecdc">Euro Surveill.</a> 2015;20(36):pii=30013. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2015.20.36.30013" title="doi link" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2015.20.36.30013</a> <span class="ES_Article_citation"> <span class="generated">Received</span>: 16 Jun 2015;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class="generated">Accepted</span>: 31 Aug 2015 </span> </p>
/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2015.20.36.30013
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