1887
  1. Home
  2. Eurosurveillance
  3. Volume 20, Issue 46, 19/Nov/2015
  4. Article
Surveillance and outbreak report Open Access
Like 0
Download

Abstract

During the 2009/10 pandemic, a national surveillance system for severe influenza cases was set up in France. We present results from the system's first four years. All severe influenza cases admitted to intensive care units (ICU) were reported to the Institut de Veille Sanitaire using a standardised form: data on demographics, immunisation and virological status, risk factors, severity (e.g. acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) onset, mechanical ventilation, extracorporeal life support) and outcome. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify factors associated with ARDS and death. The number of confirmed influenza cases varied from 1,210 in 2009/10 to 321 in 2011/12. Most ICU patients were infected with A(H1N1)pdm09, except during the 2011/12 winter season when A(H3N2)-related infections predominated. Patients' characteristics varied according to the predominant strain. Based on multivariate analysis, risk factors associated with death were age ≥ 65 years, patients with any of the usual recommended indications for vaccination and clinical severity. ARDS occurred more frequently in patients who were middle-aged (36–55 years), pregnant, obese, or infected with A(H1N1)pdm09. Female sex and influenza vaccination were protective. These data confirm the persistent virulence of A(H1N1)pdm09 after the pandemic and the heterogeneity of influenza seasons, and reinforce the need for surveillance of severe influenza cases.

© Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2015.20.46.30066
2015-11-19
2021-09-29
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2015.20.46.30066
Loading
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/eurosurveillance/20/46/eurosurv-20-30066-1.html?itemId=/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2015.20.46.30066&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Réseau des Groupes Régionaux d'Observation de la Grippe (GROG). [Accessed 31 Jul 2014]. Available from: http://www.grog.org/
  2. Réseau Sentinelles. Paris: Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC). [Accessed 31 Jul 2014]. Available from: http://www.sentiweb.org/
  3. Fuhrman C, Bonmarin I, Bitar D, Cardoso T, Duport N, Herida M, et al. Adult intensive-care patients with 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) infection. Epidemiol Infect. 2011;139(8):1202-9. Available from:  https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268810002414  PMID: 20974021 
  4. Health Protection Agency (HPA). HPA Weekly National Influenza Report - Summary of UK surveillance of influenza and other seasonal respiratory illnesses - Week 49/2010. 9 Dec 2010. [Accessed 9 Dec 2014]. London: HPA. Available from: http://www.hpa.org.uk/webc/HPAwebFile/HPAweb_C/1287146267647
  5. van Ierssel SH, Leven M, Jorens PG. Severe influenza A(H1N1)2009 infection: a single centre experience and review of the literature. Acta Clin Belg. 2012;67(1):1-6. PMID: 22480031 
  6. Webb SA, Pettilä V, Seppelt I, Bellomo R, Bailey M, Cooper DJ, et al. Critical care services and 2009 H1N1 influenza in Australia and New Zealand. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(20):1925-34. Available from:  https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0908481  PMID: 19815860 
  7. Helferty M, Vachon J, Tarasuk J, Rodin R, Spika J, Pelletier L. Incidence of hospital admissions and severe outcomes during the first and second waves of pandemic (H1N1) 2009. CMAJ. 2010;182(18):1981-7. Available from:  https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.100746  PMID: 21059773 
  8. Ministère des affaires sociales et de la Santé. Calendrier des vaccinations et recommandations vaccinales 2014. [Schedule of vaccinations and vaccine recommendations in 2014]. Paris: Ministère des affaires sociales et de la Santé; 15 May 2014. French. Available from: http://www.sante.gouv.fr/calendrier-vaccinal.html
  9. Costagliola D, Flahault A, Galinec D, Garnerin P, Menares J, Valleron AJ. A routine tool for detection and assessment of epidemics of influenza-like syndromes in France. Am J Public Health. 1991;81(1):97-9. Available from:  https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.81.1.97  PMID: 1983924 
  10. El Farouki K, Mantey K, Lasalle JL, Fuhrman C, Chiron E, Malfait P. Exhaustivité des signalements de cas graves de grippe A(H1N1)2009 en Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur et Corse, France, 2009-2010. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique. 2010;58(Suppl 2):S64. Available from:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respe.2010.06.058 
  11. Hubert B. Epidémie de grippe dans les Pays de la Loire. Saison 2012-2013. [Influenza outbreak in the Loire Valley. 2012-2013 season]. Bulletin de veille sanitaire - Cire Pays de la Loire 2013 Dec 1;(19):4-5. Available from: www.invs.sante.fr/content/download/81677/298216/version/19/file/bvs_pays_de_loire_19_2013.pdf
  12. Green HK, Ellis J, Galiano M, Watson JM, Pebody RG. Critical care surveillance: insights into the impact of the 2010/11 influenza season relative to the 2009/10 pandemic season in England. Euro Surveill. 2013;18(23). PMID: 23787130 
  13. Delgado-Rodríguez M, Castilla J, Godoy P, Martín V, Soldevila N, Alonso J, et al. Different prognosis in hospitalized patients with influenza one season after the pandemic H1N1 influenza of 2009-2010 in Spain. Influenza Other Respi Viruses. 2013;7(6):1336-42. Available from:  https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.12119  PMID: 23647645 
  14. Gubbels S, Krause TG, Bragstad K, Perner A, Mølbak K, Glismann S. Burden and characteristics of influenza A and B in Danish intensive care units during the 2009/10 and 2010/11 influenza seasons. Epidemiol Infect. 2013;141(4):767-75. Available from:  https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268812001471  PMID: 22793496 
  15. Saglanmak N, Andreasen V, Simonsen L, Mølbak K, Miller MA, Viboud C. Gradual changes in the age distribution of excess deaths in the years following the 1918 influenza pandemic in Copenhagen: using epidemiological evidence to detect antigenic drift. Vaccine. 2011;29(Suppl 2):B42-8. Available from:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.02.065  PMID: 21757103 
  16. Bansal S, Pourbohloul B, Hupert N, Grenfell B, Meyers LA. The shifting demographic landscape of pandemic influenza. PLoS ONE. 2010;5(2):e9360. Available from:  https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0009360  PMID: 20195468 
  17. Van Kerkhove MD, Hirve S, Koukounari A, Mounts AW,H1N1pdm serology working group. Estimating age-specific cumulative incidence for the 2009 influenza pandemic: a meta-analysis of A(H1N1)pdm09 serological studies from 19 countries. Influenza Other Respi Viruses. 2013;7(5):872-86. Available from:  https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.12074 
  18. Quandelacy TM, Viboud C, Charu V, Lipsitch M, Goldstein E. Age- and sex-related risk factors for influenza-associated mortality in the United States between 1997-2007. Am J Epidemiol. 2014;179(2):156-67. Available from:  https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwt235  PMID: 24190951 
  19. Louie JK, Jean C, Acosta M, Samuel MC, Matyas BT, Schechter R. A review of adult mortality due to 2009 pandemic (H1N1) influenza A in California. PLoS ONE. 2011;6(4):e18221. Available from:  https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018221  PMID: 21483677 
  20. Institut de Veille Sanitaire (InVS). Couverture vaccinale. Grippe. Groupe d'âge. [Vaccine coverage. Influenza. Age groups]. [Accessed 27 Aug 2015]. French. Available from: http://www.invs.sante.fr/Dossiers-thematiques/Maladies-infectieuses/Maladies-a-prevention-vaccinale/Couverture-vaccinale/Donnees/Grippe
  21. Gachot B, Vachon F. (Severe "malignant" influenza in the light of past history). La grippe maligne vue à la lumière du passé. Med Mal Infect. 2010;40(2):55-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medmal.2009.12.001  PMID: 20080371 
  22. Chan TC, Fan-Ngai Hung I, Ka-Hay Luk J, Chu LW, Hon-Wai Chan F. Effectiveness of influenza vaccination in institutionalized older adults: a systematic review. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2014;15(3):226.e1-6. Available from:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2013.10.008  PMID: 24321878 
  23. Ridenhour BJ, Campitelli MA, Kwong JC, Rosella LC, Armstrong BG, Mangtani P, et al. Effectiveness of inactivated influenza vaccines in preventing influenza-associated deaths and hospitalizations among Ontario residents aged ≥ 65 years: estimates with generalized linear models accounting for healthy vaccinee effects. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(10):e76318. Available from:  https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0076318  PMID: 24146855 
  24. Fireman B, Lee J, Lewis N, Bembom O, van der Laan M, Baxter R. Influenza vaccination and mortality: differentiating vaccine effects from bias. Am J Epidemiol. 2009;170(5):650-6. Available from:  https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwp173  PMID: 19625341 
  25. INSERM/KANTAR HEALTH/ROCHE. Enquete nationale épidémiologique sur le surpoids et l'obésité – 2012. [National epidemiological survey on overweight and obesity]. [Accessed 20 Nov 2013]. French. Available from: http://www.roche.fr/content/dam/corporate/roche_fr/doc/obepi_2012.pdf
  26. Karlsson EA, Marcelin G, Webby RJ, Schultz-Cherry S. Review on the impact of pregnancy and obesity on influenza virus infection. Influenza Other Respi Viruses. 2012;6(6):449-60. Available from:  https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-2659.2012.00342.x  PMID: 22335790 
  27. Fezeu L, Julia C, Henegar A, Bitu J, Hu FB, Grobbee DE, et al. Obesity is associated with higher risk of intensive care unit admission and death in influenza A (H1N1) patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2011;12(8):653-9. Available from:  https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2011.00864.x  PMID: 21457180 
  28. Kok J, Blyth CC, Foo H, Bailey MJ, Pilcher DV, Webb SA, et al. Viral pneumonitis is increased in obese patients during the first wave of pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 virus. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(2):e55631. Available from:  https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0055631  PMID: 23418448 
  29. Skowronski DM, De Serres G. Is routine influenza immunization warranted in early pregnancy? Vaccine. 2009;27(35):4754-70. Available from:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.03.079  PMID: 19515466 
Intensive care unit surveillance of influenza infection in France: the 2009/10 pandemic and the three subsequent seasons
<p class="citation"> <span>Citation style for this article:</span> <span class="meta-value authors"> <a href="/search?value1=Isabelle+Bonmarin&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Bonmarin Isabelle</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Emmanuel+Belchior&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Belchior Emmanuel</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Jean+Bergounioux&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Bergounioux Jean</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Christian+Brun-Buisson&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Brun-Buisson Christian</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Bruno+M%C3%A9garbane&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Mégarbane Bruno</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Jean+Loup+Chappert&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Chappert Jean Loup</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Bruno+Hubert&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Hubert Bruno</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Yann+Le+Strat&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Le Strat Yann</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Daniel+L%C3%A9vy-Bruhl&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Lévy-Bruhl Daniel</a></span>. Intensive care unit surveillance of influenza infection in France: the 2009/10 pandemic and the three subsequent seasons. <a href="/content/ecdc">Euro Surveill.</a> 2015;20(46):pii=30066. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2015.20.46.30066" title="doi link" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2015.20.46.30066</a> <span class="ES_Article_citation"> <span class="generated">Received</span>: 13 Nov 2014;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class="generated">Accepted</span>: 30 Mar 2015 </span> </p>
/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2015.20.46.30066
/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2015.20.46.30066
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Submit comment
Close
Comment moderation successfully completed
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error