- Christopher C Blyth1,2,3,4, Kristine K Macartney5,6, Saliya Hewagama7, Sanjaya Senenayake8,9, N. Deborah Friedman10, Graham Simpson11, John Upham12, Tom Kotsimbos13, Paul Kelly8,14, Allen C Cheng13
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View Affiliations Hide AffiliationsAffiliations: 1 School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia 2 Department of Infectious Diseases, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth Australia 3 Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Australia 4 Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia 5 National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia 6 Children’s Hospital Westmead, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia 7 Alice Springs Hospital, Alice Springs, Northern Territory, Australia 8 Australian National University Medical School, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, Australia 9 The Canberra Hospital, Garran, Australian Capital Territory, Australia 10 Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia 11 Cairns Base Hospital, Cairns, Queensland, Australia 12 Princess Alexandra Hospital and The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia 13 Alfred Health; Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 14 ACT Health Directorate, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, AustraliaChristopher Blythchristopher.blyth uwa.edu.au
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Citation style for this article: Blyth Christopher C, Macartney Kristine K, Hewagama Saliya, Senenayake Sanjaya, Friedman N. Deborah, Simpson Graham, Upham John, Kotsimbos Tom, Kelly Paul, Cheng Allen C. Influenza epidemiology, vaccine coverage and vaccine effectiveness in children admitted to sentinel Australian hospitals in 2014: the Influenza Complications Alert Network (FluCAN). Euro Surveill. 2016;21(30):pii=30301. https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.30.30301 Received: 29 May 2015; Accepted: 06 Nov 2015
Influenza epidemiology, vaccine coverage and vaccine effectiveness in children admitted to sentinel Australian hospitals in 2014: the Influenza Complications Alert Network (FluCAN)
Abstract
The Influenza Complications Alert Network (FluCAN) is a sentinel hospital-based surveillance programme operating in all states and territories in Australia. We summarise the epidemiology of children hospitalised with laboratory-confirmed influenza in 2014 and reports on the effectiveness of inactivated trivalent inactivated vaccine (TIV) in children. In this observational study, cases were defined as children admitted with acute respiratory illness (ARI) with influenza confirmed by PCR. Controls were hospitalised children with ARI testing negative for influenza. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) was estimated as 1 minus the odds ratio of vaccination in influenza positive cases compared with test-negative controls using conditional logistic regression models. From April until October 2014, 402 children were admitted with PCR-confirmed influenza. Of these, 28% were aged < 1 year, 16% were Indigenous, and 39% had underlying conditions predisposing to severe influenza. Influenza A was detected in 90% of cases of influenza; influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was the most frequent subtype (109/141 of subtyped cases) followed by A(H3N2) (32/141). Only 15% of children with influenza received antiviral therapy. The adjusted VE of one or more doses of TIV for preventing hospitalised influenza was estimated at 55.5% (95% confidence intervals (CI): 11.6–77.6%). Effectiveness against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was high (91.6% , 95% CI: 36.0–98.9%) yet appeared poor against H3N2. In summary, the 2014 southern hemisphere TIV was moderately effective against severe influenza in children. Significant VE was observed against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09.

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