1887
  1. Home
  2. Eurosurveillance
  3. Volume 22, Issue 6, 09/Feb/2017
  4. Article
Surveillance and outbreak report Open Access
Like 0
Download

Abstract

(CT) infections are not reportable in Germany and limited data on prevalence are available. CT screening has been offered free of charge to pregnant women since 1995 and to all women under 25 years since 2008. For symptomatic women and men, diagnostic testing is covered by statutory health insurance. We describe the establishment of a nationwide, laboratory-based, voluntary sentinel that electronically collects information on all performed CT tests with test results, test reason and patient information. The sentinel represents one third of all performed CT tests in Germany. In the period from 2008 to 2014, 3,877,588 CT tests were reported, 93% in women. Women aged 20–24 years and men aged 25–29 years were the most frequently tested age groups. The overall proportion of positive tests (PPT) among women was 3.9% and among men 11.0%. The highest PPT among women was in the age groups 15–19 (6.8%) and 20–24 years (5.9%), and among men in the age groups 20–24 (19.2%), 15–19 (15.4%) and 25–29 years (14.8%). The PPT for CT was high among women and men younger than 25 years. Prevention is urgently needed. Monitoring of CT infection in Germany should be continued.

© Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.6.30459
2017-02-09
2019-02-23
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.6.30459
Loading
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/eurosurveillance/22/6/eurosurv-22-06-3.html?itemId=/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.6.30459&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. World Health Organisation (WHO). Global incidence and prevalence of selected curable sexually transmitted infections. Geneva: WHO; 2012. Available from: http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/rtis/stisestimates/en/
  2. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Sexually transmitted infections in Europe - 2011. Stockholm: ECDC; 2013. Available from: http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/Publications/sexually-transmitted-infections-Europe-2011.pdf
  3. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Chlamydia control in Europe: literature review. Stockholm: ECDC; 2014. Available from: http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/Publications/chlamydia-control-europe.pdf
  4. Marrazzo JM, Celum CL, Hillis SD, Fine D, DeLisle S, Handsfield HH. Performance and cost-effectiveness of selective screening criteria for Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women. Implications for a national Chlamydia control strategy. Sex Transm Dis. 1997;24(3):131-41.  https://doi.org/10.1097/00007435-199703000-00003  PMID: 9132979 
  5. Paavonen J, Puolakkainen M, Paukku M, Sintonen H. Cost-benefit analysis of first-void urine Chlamydia trachomatis screening program. Obstet Gynecol. 1998;92(2):292-8. PMID: 9699769 
  6. Howell MR, Gaydos JC, McKee KT Jr, Quinn TC, Gaydos CA. Control of Chlamydia trachomatis infections in female army recruits: cost-effective screening and treatment in training cohorts to prevent pelvic inflammatory disease. Sex Transm Dis. 1999;26(9):519-26.  https://doi.org/10.1097/00007435-199910000-00007  PMID: 10534206 
  7. Scholes D, Stergachis A, Heidrich FE, Andrilla H, Holmes KK, Stamm WE. Prevention of pelvic inflammatory disease by screening for cervical chlamydial infection. N Engl J Med. 1996;334(21):1362-6.  https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199605233342103  PMID: 8614421 
  8. Kamwendo F, Forslin L, Bodin L, Danielsson D. Decreasing incidences of gonorrhea- and chlamydia-associated acute pelvic inflammatory disease. A 25-year study from an urban area of central Sweden. Sex Transm Dis. 1996;23(5):384-91.  https://doi.org/10.1097/00007435-199609000-00007  PMID: 8885069 
  9. Liu B, Roberts CL, Clarke M, Jorm L, Hunt J, Ward J. Chlamydia and gonorrhoea infections and the risk of adverse obstetric outcomes: a retrospective cohort study. Sex Transm Infect. 2013;89(8):672-8.  https://doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2013-051118  PMID: 24005255 
  10. Baud D, Goy G, Jaton K, Osterheld MC, Blumer S, Borel N, et al. Role of Chlamydia trachomatis in miscarriage. Emerg Infect Dis. 2011;17(9):1630-5.  https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1709.100865  PMID: 21888787 
  11. Ehrhard I. Epidemiologische Aspekte bei Neisseria gonorrhoeae- und Chlamydia trachomatis-Infektionen, unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Meldedaten in Sachsen. Der Mikrobiologe.2012;22(4):111-9.
  12. Haar K, Bremer V, Houareau C, Meyer T, Desai S, Thamm M, et al. Risk factors for Chlamydia trachomatis infection in adolescents: results from a representative population-based survey in Germany, 2003-2006. Euro Surveill. 2013;18(34):20562.  https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES2013.18.34.20562  PMID: 23987832 
  13. Hamouda O, Bremer V, Marcus U, Bartmeyer B. [Epidemiological developments of selected sexually transmitted infections in Germany]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2013;56(12):1600-8. German.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-013-1866-3  PMID: 24337121 
  14. Desai S, Meyer T, Thamm M, Hamouda O, Bremer V. Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis among young German adolescents, 2005-06. Sex Health. 2011;8(1):120-2.  https://doi.org/10.1071/SH10036  PMID: 21371394 
  15. Bremer V, Hofmann A, Hamouda O. Epidemiologie der Chlamydia-trachomatis-Infektionen. [Epidemiology of chlamydial infections]. Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, und verwandte Gebiete. 2007;58(1):18-23. German Available from: https://www.springermedizin.de/epidemiologie-der-chlamydia-trachomatis-infektionen/8024840
  16. Bremer V, Marcus U, Hofmann A, Hamouda O. Building a sentinel surveillance system for sexually transmitted infections in Germany, 2003. Sex Transm Infect. 2005;81(2):173-9.  https://doi.org/10.1136/sti.2004.009878  PMID: 15800099 
  17. Robert Koch-Institut. Sechs Jahre STD-Sentinel-Surveillance in Deutschland – Zahlen und Fakten. [Six years of STI sentinel surveillance in Germany – numbers and facts]. Epidemiologisches Bulletin.2010;3:20-7. German. Available from: http://edoc.rki.de/documents/rki_fv/re9N7X7TjXxE/PDF/2730NT0nnm1tEA.pdf
  18. Zahlenbericht der privaten Krankenversicherung. [Indices report of the private health Insurance 2011/2012]. Berlin, Köln: Verband der deutschen Krankenversicherung e.V. [Association of the German Health Insurance]. [Accessed: 15 Sep 2015]. German. Available from:
  19. Mund M, Sander G, Potthoff P, Schicht H, Matthias K. Introduction of Chlamydia trachomatis screening for young women in Germany. JDDG - Journal of the German Society of Dermatology. 2008;6(12):1032-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1610-0387.2008.06743.x
  20. Balabanova Y, Gilsdorf A, Buda S, Burger R, Eckmanns T, Gärtner B, et al. Communicable diseases prioritized for surveillance and epidemiological research: results of a standardized prioritization procedure in Germany, 2011. PLoS One. 2011;6(10):e25691.  https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025691  PMID: 21991334 
  21. Schmidt D, Päschke H, Bremer V, Hamouda O, Reischl U, Sailer A, et al. An assessment of the current Chlamydia trachomatis laboratory practices in Germany. Gesundheitswesen. 2014;76(10):e44-50. PMID: 24203685 
  22. Fenton KA, Lowndes CM. Recent trends in the epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections in the European Union. Sex Transm Infect. 2004;80(4):255-63.  https://doi.org/10.1136/sti.2004.009415  PMID: 15295121 
  23. Fenton KA, Korovessis C, Johnson AM, McCadden A, McManus S, Wellings K, et al. Sexual behaviour in Britain: reported sexually transmitted infections and prevalent genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Lancet. 2001;358(9296):1851-4.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(01)06886-6  PMID: 11741624 
  24. van den Broek IVF, van Bergen JEAM, Brouwers EEHG, Fennema JSA, Götz HM, Hoebe CJPA, et al. Effectiveness of yearly, register based screening for chlamydia in the Netherlands: controlled trial with randomised stepped wedge implementation. BMJ. 2012;345:e4316.  https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e4316 
  25. Goulet V, de Barbeyrac B, Raherison S, Prudhomme M, Semaille C, Warszawski J, et al. . Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis: results from the first national population-based survey in France. Sex Transm Infect. 2010;86(4):263-70.  https://doi.org/10.1136/sti.2009.038752  PMID: 20660590 
  26. Klavs I, Rodrigues LC, Wellings K, Kese D, Hayes R. Prevalence of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in the general population of Slovenia: serious gaps in control. Sex Transm Infect. 2004;80(2):121-3.  https://doi.org/10.1136/sti.2003.005900  PMID: 15054174 
  27. Public Health England. Sexually transmitted infections and chlamydia screening in England, 2015. Health Protection Report. 2016;10(22). Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/559993/hpr2216_stis_CRRCTD4.pdf
  28. Kløvstad H, Aavitsland P. Denominators count: supplementing surveillance data for genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection with testing data, Norway, 2007 to 2013. Euro Surveill. 2015;20(36):30012.  https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2015.20.36.30012  PMID: 26535784 
  29. Heywood W, Patrick K, Smith AM, Pitts MK. Associations between early first sexual intercourse and later sexual and reproductive outcomes: a systematic review of population-based data. Arch Sex Behav. 2015;44(3):531-69.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-014-0374-3  PMID: 25425161 
  30. Dudareva-Vizule S, Haar K, Sailer A, Wisplinghoff H, Wisplinghoff F, Marcus U, et al. . Prevalence of pharyngeal and rectal Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections among men who have sex with men in Germany. Sex Transm Infect. 2014;90(1):46-51.  https://doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2012-050929  PMID: 23920398 
  31. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Chlamydia control in Europe - a survey of Member States. Stockholm: ECDC; 2014. Available from: http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/Publications/0906_GUI_Chlamydia_Control_in_Europe.pdf
  32. Bundszentrale fuer gesundheitliche Aufklaerung (BZgA). AIDS im öffentlichen Bewusstsein der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 2012. [AIDS in public perception in Germany 2012]. Cologne: BZgA; 2013. German. Available from: http://www.bzga.de/forschung/studien-untersuchungen/studien/aidspraevention/?sub=76
Establishment of a voluntary electronic Chlamydia trachomatis laboratory surveillance system in Germany, 2008 to 2014
<p class="citation"> <span>Citation style for this article:</span> <span class="meta-value authors"> <a href="/search?value1=Sandra+Dudareva-Vizule&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Dudareva-Vizule Sandra</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Karin+Haar&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Haar Karin</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Andrea+Sailer&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Sailer Andrea</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Klaus+Jansen&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Jansen Klaus</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Osamah+Hamouda&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Hamouda Osamah</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Hilmar+Wisplinghoff&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Wisplinghoff Hilmar</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Carsten+Tiemann&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Tiemann Carsten</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Eberhard+Pape&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Pape Eberhard</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Viviane+Bremer&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Bremer Viviane</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Chlamydia+trachomatis+laboratory+sentinel+team&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Chlamydia trachomatis laboratory sentinel team</a></span>. Establishment of a voluntary electronic Chlamydia trachomatis laboratory surveillance system in Germany, 2008 to 2014. <a href="/content/ecdc">Euro Surveill.</a> 2017;22(6):pii=30459. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.6.30459" title="doi link" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.6.30459</a> <span class="ES_Article_citation"> <span class="generated">Received</span>: 26 Feb 2016;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class="generated">Accepted</span>: 08 Sep 2016 </span> </p>
/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.6.30459
/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.6.30459
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Comment has been disabled for this content
Submit comment
Close
Comment moderation successfully completed
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error