1887
Research article Open Access
Like 0

Abstract

Introduction

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of subtype H5N8 were re-introduced into the Netherlands by late 2016, after detections in south-east Asia and Russia. This second H5N8 wave resulted in a large number of outbreaks in poultry farms and the deaths of large numbers of wild birds in multiple European countries. : Here we report on the detection of HPAI H5N8 virus in 57 wild birds of 12 species sampled during active (32/5,167) and passive (25/36) surveillance activities, i.e. in healthy and dead animals respectively, in the Netherlands between 8 November 2016 and 31 March 2017. Moreover, we further investigate the experimental approach of wild bird serology as a contributing tool in HPAI outbreak investigations. : In contrast to the first H5N8 wave, local virus amplification with associated wild bird mortality has occurred in the Netherlands in 2016/17, with evidence for occasional gene exchange with low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses. : These apparent differences between outbreaks and the continuing detections of HPAI viruses in Europe are a cause of concern. With the current circulation of zoonotic HPAI and LPAI virus strains in Asia, increased understanding of the drivers responsible for the global spread of Asian poultry viruses via wild birds is needed.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.4.17-00449
2018-01-25
2024-11-09
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.4.17-00449
Loading
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/eurosurveillance/23/4/eurosurv-23-4-2.html?itemId=/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.4.17-00449&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Liu J, Xiao H, Lei F, Zhu Q, Qin K, Zhang XW, et al. Highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus infection in migratory birds. Science. 2005;309(5738):1206.  https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1115273  PMID: 16000410 
  2. Ku KB, Park EH, Yum J, Kim JA, Oh SK, Seo SH. Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) virus from waterfowl, South Korea, 2014. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(9):1587-8.  https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2009.140390  PMID: 25152954 
  3. Wu H, Peng X, Xu L, Jin C, Cheng L, Lu X, et al. Novel reassortant influenza A(H5N8) viruses in domestic ducks, eastern China. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(8):1315-8.  https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2008.140339  PMID: 25075453 
  4. Lee YJ, Kang HM, Lee EK, Song BM, Jeong J, Kwon YK, et al. Novel reassortant influenza A(H5N8) viruses, South Korea, 2014. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(6):1086-9.  https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2006.140233  PMID: 24856098 
  5. Verhagen JH, Herfst S, Fouchier RA. How a virus travels the world. Science. 2015;347(6222):616-7.  https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa6724  PMID: 25657235 
  6. Lee DH, Bahl J, Torchetti MK, Killian ML, Ip HS, DeLiberto TJ, et al. Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses and Generation of Novel Reassortants, United States, 2014-2015. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016;22(7):1283-5.  https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2207.160048  PMID: 27314845 
  7. Verhagen JH, van der Jeugd HP, Nolet BA, Slaterus R, Kharitonov SP, de Vries PP, et al. Wild bird surveillance around outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) virus in the Netherlands, 2014, within the context of global flyways. Euro Surveill. 2015;20(12):21069.  https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES2015.20.12.21069  PMID: 25846491 
  8. Bouwstra RJ, Koch G, Heutink R, Harders F, van der Spek A, Elbers AR, et al. Phylogenetic analysis of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) virus outbreak strains provides evidence for four separate introductions and one between-poultry farm transmission in the Netherlands, November 2014. Euro Surveill. 2015;20(26):21174.  https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES2015.20.26.21174  PMID: 26159311 
  9. World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE). Update on highly pathogenic avian influenza in animals (typeH5 and H7). Paris: OIE; 2015. Available from: http://www.oie.int/en/animal-health-in-the-world/update-on-avian-influenza/2015/
  10. Poen MJ, Verhagen JH, Manvell RJ, Brown I, Bestebroer TM, van der Vliet S, et al. Lack of virological and serological evidence for continued circulation of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 virus in wild birds in the Netherlands, 14 November 2014 to 31 January 2016. Euro Surveill. 2016;21(38):30349.  https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.38.30349  PMID: 27684783 
  11. Lee DH, Sharshov K, Swayne DE, Kurskaya O, Sobolev I, Kabilov M, et al. Novel Reassortant Clade 2.3.4.4 Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Virus in Wild Aquatic Birds, Russia, 2016. Emerg Infect Dis. 2017;23(2):359-60.  https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2302.161252  PMID: 27875109 
  12. Zhou LC, Liu J, Pei EL, Xue WJ, Lyu JM, Cai YT, et al. Novel Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Viruses in Migratory Birds, China, 2013-2014. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016;22(6):1121-3.  https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2206.151754  PMID: 27192098 
  13. Nagarajan S, Kumar M, Murugkar HV, Tripathi S, Shukla S, Agarwal S, et al. Novel Reassortant Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N8) Virus in Zoos, India. Emerg Infect Dis. 2017;23(4):717-9.  https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2304.161886  PMID: 28117031 
  14. Beerens N, Heutink R, Bergervoet SA, Harders F, Bossers A, Koch G. Multiple Reassorted Viruses as Cause of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Virus Epidemic, the Netherlands, 2016. Emerg Infect Dis. 2017;23(12):1974-81.  https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2312.171062  PMID: 29148396 
  15. Pohlmann A, Starick E, Harder T, Grund C, Höper D, Globig A, et al. Outbreaks among Wild Birds and Domestic Poultry Caused by Reassorted Influenza A(H5N8) Clade 2.3.4.4 Viruses, Germany, 2016. Emerg Infect Dis. 2017;23(4):633-6.  https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2304.161949  PMID: 28055819 
  16. Kleyheeg E, Slaterus R, Bodewes R, Rijks JM, Spierenburg MAH, Beerens N, et al. Deaths among Wild Birds during Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Virus Outbreak, the Netherlands. Emerg Infect Dis. 2017;23(12):2050-4.  https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2312.171086  PMID: 29148372 
  17. World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE). Follow-up report No. 14, Report reference HPAI 2016/01 WB1, Reference OIE: 23566, Report Date 14/04/2017, Country: Netherlands. Paris: OIE; 2016. Available from: http://www.oie.int/en/animal-health-in-the-world/update-on-avian-influenza/2017/
  18. World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE). Update on highly pathogenic avian influenza in animals (types H5 and H7). Paris: OIE; 2017. Available from: http://www.oie.int/en/animal-health-in-the-world/update-on-avian-influenza/2017/
  19. Global Consortium for H5N8 and Related Influenza Viruses. Role for migratory wild birds in the global spread of avian influenza H5N8. Science. 2016;354(6309):213-7.  https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf8852  PMID: 27738169 
  20. Guindon S, Dufayard JF, Lefort V, Anisimova M, Hordijk W, Gascuel O. New algorithms and methods to estimate maximum-likelihood phylogenies: assessing the performance of PhyML 3.0. Syst Biol. 2010;59(3):307-21.  https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syq010  PMID: 20525638 
  21. Huson DH, Scornavacca C. Dendroscope 3: an interactive tool for rooted phylogenetic trees and networks. Syst Biol. 2012;61(6):1061-7.  https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys062  PMID: 22780991 
  22. Hirst GK. Studies of Antigenic Differences among Strains of Influenza a by Means of Red Cell Agglutination. J Exp Med. 1943;78(5):407-23.  https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.78.5.407  PMID: 19871338 
  23. Richard M, Herfst S, van den Brand JM, Lexmond P, Bestebroer TM, Rimmelzwaan GF, et al. Low Virulence and Lack of Airborne Transmission of the Dutch Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus H5N8 in Ferrets. PLoS One. 2015;10(6):e0129827.  https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0129827  PMID: 26090682 
  24. Gilbert M, Koel BF, Bestebroer TM, Lewis NS, Smith DJ, Fouchier RA. Serological evidence for non-lethal exposures of Mongolian wild birds to highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus. PLoS One. 2014;9(12):e113569.  https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0113569  PMID: 25502318 
  25. Selim AA, Erfan AM, Hagag N, Zanaty A, Samir AH, Samy M, et al. Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (H5N8) Clade 2.3.4.4 Infection in Migratory Birds, Egypt. Emerg Infect Dis. 2017;23(6):1048-51.  https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2306.162056  PMID: 28518040 
  26. Keawcharoen J, van Riel D, van Amerongen G, Bestebroer T, Beyer WE, van Lavieren R, et al. Wild ducks as long-distance vectors of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1). Emerg Infect Dis. 2008;14(4):600-7.  https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1404.071016  PMID: 18394278 
  27. World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE). Update on highly pathogenic avian influenza in animals (types H5 and H7). Paris: OIE; 2014. Available from: http://www.oie.int/en/animal-health-in-the-world/update-on-avian-influenza/2014/
  28. World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE). Update on highly pathogenic avian influenza in animals (types H5 and H7). Paris: OIE; 2015. Available from: http://www.oie.int/en/animal-health-in-the-world/update-on-avian-influenza/2015/
  29. Si YJ, Lee IW, Kim EH, Kim YI, Kwon HI, Park SJ, et al. Genetic characterisation of novel, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N6 viruses isolated in birds, South Korea, November 2016. Euro Surveill. 2017;22(1):30434.  https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.1.30434  PMID: 28079520 
  30. Bi Y, Mei K, Shi W, Liu D, Yu X, Gao Z, et al. Two novel reassortants of avian influenza A (H5N6) virus in China. J Gen Virol. 2015;96(Pt 5):975-81.  https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.000056  PMID: 25604926 
  31. Zhang Y, Chen M, Huang Y, Zhu W, Yang L, Gao L, et al. Human infections with novel reassortant H5N6 avian influenza viruses in China. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2017;6(6):e50.  https://doi.org/10.1038/emi.2017.38  PMID: 28588293 
  32. Sharshov K, Silko N, Sousloparov I, Zaykovskaya A, Shestopalov A, Drozdov I. Avian influenza (H5N1) outbreak among wild birds, Russia, 2009. Emerg Infect Dis. 2010;16(2):349-51.  https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1602.090974  PMID: 20113582 
  33. Marchenko VY, Susloparov IM, Kolosova NP, Goncharova NI, Shipovalov AV, Durymanov AG, et al. Influenza A(H5N8) virus isolation in Russia, 2014. Arch Virol. 2015;160(11):2857-60.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-015-2570-4  PMID: 26306756 
  34. Marchenko VY, Susloparov IM, Komissarov AB, Fadeev A, Goncharova NI, Shipovalov AV, et al. Reintroduction of highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N8 virus of clade 2.3.4.4. in Russia. Arch Virol. 2017;162(5):1381-5.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-017-3246-z  PMID: 28138776 
  35. Li M, Liu H, Bi Y, Sun J, Wong G, Liu D, et al. Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Virus in Wild Migratory Birds, Qinghai Lake, China. Emerg Infect Dis. 2017;23(4):637-41.  https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2304.161866  PMID: 28169827 
/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.4.17-00449
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Submit comment
Close
Comment moderation successfully completed
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error