1887
  1. Home
  2. Eurosurveillance
  3. Volume 24, Issue 1, 03/Jan/2019
  4. Article
Research article Open Access
Like 0
Download

Abstract

Introduction

Several vaccines for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are under development. Designing an effective vaccination programme for RSV requires information about the relative contribution of risk factors for severe RSV symptoms.

Aim

To inform preventive strategies in Europe by quantifying the contribution of key child, family and health service risk factors to the burden of RSV hospital admissions in young children.

Methods

We constructed a birth cohort study of all singleton children born in Scotland between October 2009 and September 2012 using linkage between birth registration, maternity, vaccination and hospital admission records, with follow-up until the age of 3 years. RSV-confirmed hospital admissions were defined using linkage to national laboratory surveillance data. We estimated hospital admission rates per 1,000 child years and length of stay according to each risk factor. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios.

Results

There were 5,185 RSV admissions among the 169,726 children in the cohort: 48.6% of admissions occurred before the age of 6 months, and 29.6% after the age of 1 year. Children born prematurely, small for gestational age, between July and December, with chronic conditions, older siblings, mothers < 30 years old or delayed infant vaccination had a significantly increased risk of admission. Minimising the risk posed by older siblings could reduce RSV admissions by up to 34%.

Conclusion

Future RSV vaccination programmes must protect children throughout early childhood. Vaccination and/or interventions to reduce transmission by older siblings could substantially reduce RSV hospital admissions.

© Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.1.1800046
2019-01-03
2024-04-25
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.1.1800046
Loading
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/eurosurveillance/24/1/eurosurv-24-1-2.html?itemId=/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.1.1800046&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Smyth RL, Openshaw PJ. Bronchiolitis. Lancet. 2006;368(9532):312-22.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69077-6  PMID: 16860701 
  2. National Health Service (NHS) Digital. Hospital Episode Statistics, Admitted Patient Care - England, 2014-15: Diagnoses. 2015. Leeds: NHS. [Accessed 6 Feb 2017]. Available from: https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/hospital-admitted-patient-care-activity/hospital-episode-statistics-admitted-patient-care-england-2014-15
  3. Taylor S, Taylor RJ, Lustig RL, Schuck-Paim C, Haguinet F, Webb DJ, et al. Modelling estimates of the burden of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children in the UK. BMJ Open. 2016;6(6):e009337.  https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009337  PMID: 27256085 
  4. Ohuma EO, Okiro EA, Ochola R, Sande CJ, Cane PA, Medley GF, et al. The natural history of respiratory syncytial virus in a birth cohort: the influence of age and previous infection on reinfection and disease. Am J Epidemiol. 2012;176(9):794-802.  https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kws257  PMID: 23059788 
  5. Wu P, Hartert TV. Evidence for a causal relationship between respiratory syncytial virus infection and asthma. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2011;9(9):731-45.  https://doi.org/10.1586/eri.11.92  PMID: 21905783 
  6. Blanken MO, Rovers MM, Molenaar JM, Winkler-Seinstra PL, Meijer A, Kimpen JL, et al. Respiratory syncytial virus and recurrent wheeze in healthy preterm infants. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(19):1791-9.  https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1211917  PMID: 23656644 
  7. Andabaka T, Nickerson JW, Rojas-Reyes MX, Rueda JD, Bacic Vrca V, Barsic B. Monoclonal antibody for reducing the risk of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;4(4):CD006602. PMID: 23633336 
  8. Murray J, Saxena S, Sharland M. Preventing severe respiratory syncytial virus disease: passive, active immunisation and new antivirals. Arch Dis Child. 2014;99(5):469-73.  https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2013-303764  PMID: 24464977 
  9. Checchia PA, Nalysnyk L, Fernandes AW, Mahadevia PJ, Xu Y, Fahrbach K, et al. Mortality and morbidity among infants at high risk for severe respiratory syncytial virus infection receiving prophylaxis with palivizumab: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2011;12(5):580-8.  https://doi.org/10.1097/PCC.0b013e3182070990  PMID: 21200358 
  10. Murray J, Bottle A, Sharland M, Modi N, Aylin P, Majeed A, et al. Risk factors for hospital admission with RSV bronchiolitis in England: a population-based birth cohort study. PLoS One. 2014;9(2):e89186.  https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0089186  PMID: 24586581 
  11. Drysdale SB, Sande CJ, Green CA, Pollard AJ. RSV vaccine use--the missing data. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2016;15(2):149-52.  https://doi.org/10.1586/14760584.2016.1114419  PMID: 26636902 
  12. Hall CB, Walsh EE, Long CE, Schnabel KC. Immunity to and frequency of reinfection with respiratory syncytial virus. J Infect Dis. 1991;163(4):693-8.  https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/163.4.693  PMID: 2010624 
  13. Munywoki PK, Koech DC, Agoti CN, Lewa C, Cane PA, Medley GF, et al. The source of respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants: a household cohort study in rural Kenya. J Infect Dis. 2014;209(11):1685-92.  https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jit828  PMID: 24367040 
  14. Jacoby P, Glass K, Moore HC. Characterizing the risk of respiratory syncytial virus in infants with older siblings: a population-based birth cohort study. Epidemiol Infect. 2017;145(2):266-71.  https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268816002545  PMID: 27821195 
  15. Shi T, Balsells E, Wastnedge E, Singleton R, Rasmussen ZA, Zar HJ, et al. Risk factors for respiratory syncytial virus associated with acute lower respiratory infection in children under five years: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Glob Health. 2015;5(2):020416.  https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.05.020416  PMID: 26682048 
  16. Green CA, Yeates D, Goldacre A, Sande C, Parslow RC, McShane P, et al. Admission to hospital for bronchiolitis in England: trends over five decades, geographical variation and association with perinatal characteristics and subsequent asthma. Arch Dis Child. 2015. PMID: 26342094 
  17. Grimwood K, Cohet C, Rich FJ, Cheng S, Wood C, Redshaw N, et al. Risk factors for respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis hospital admission in New Zealand. Epidemiol Infect. 2008;136(10):1333-41.  https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268807000180  PMID: 18177522 
  18. Boyce TG, Mellen BG, Mitchel EF Jr, Wright PF, Griffin MR. Rates of hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus infection among children in medicaid. J Pediatr. 2000;137(6):865-70.  https://doi.org/10.1067/mpd.2000.110531  PMID: 11113845 
  19. Müller-Pebody B, Edmunds WJ, Zambon MC, Gay NJ, Crowcroft NS. Contribution of RSV to bronchiolitis and pneumonia-associated hospitalizations in English children, April 1995-March 1998. Epidemiol Infect. 2002;129(1):99-106.  https://doi.org/10.1017/S095026880200729X  PMID: 12211603 
  20. Moore HC, Lehmann D, de Klerk N, Smith DW, Richmond PC, Keil AD, et al. How Accurate Are International Classification of Diseases-10 Diagnosis Codes in Detecting Influenza and Pertussis Hospitalizations in Children? J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2014;3(3):255-60.  https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/pit036  PMID: 26625389 
  21. Information Services Division (ISD) Scotland. Community Health Index (CHI) Number. Edinburgh: ISD. [Accessed 4 Nov 2016]. Available from: http://www.ndc.scot.nhs.uk/Data-Dictionary/SMR-Datasets//Patient-Identification-and-Demographic-Information/Community-Health-Index-Number/
  22. World Health Organization (WHO). International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems. 10th Revision. Volume 2. Instruction manual. 2010 ed. Geneva: WHO; 2011. Available from: http://www.who.int/classifications/icd/ICD10Volume2_en_2010.pdf
  23. Goldenberg RL, Culhane JF, Iams JD, Romero R. Epidemiology and causes of preterm birth. Lancet. 2008;371(9606):75-84.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60074-4  PMID: 18177778 
  24. Bonellie S, Chalmers J, Gray R, Greer I, Jarvis S, Williams C. Centile charts for birthweight for gestational age for Scottish singleton births. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2008;8(1):5.  https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-8-5  PMID: 18298810 
  25. Kristensen K, Hjuler T, Ravn H, Simões EA, Stensballe LG. Chronic diseases, chromosomal abnormalities, and congenital malformations as risk factors for respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization: a population-based cohort study. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;54(6):810-7.  https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cir928  PMID: 22247121 
  26. Scottish Government. Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation 2012: technical notes. Edinburgh: Scottish Government. [Accessed 4 Nov 2016]. Available from: http://www.gov.scot/Resource/0050/00504773.pdf
  27. Newson R. Attributable and unattributable risks and fractions and other scenario comparisons. Stata J. 2013;13(4):672-98.  https://doi.org/10.1177/1536867X1301300402 
  28. Haerskjold A, Kristensen K, Kamper-Jørgensen M, Nybo Andersen AM, Ravn H, Graff Stensballe L. Risk Factors for Hospitalization for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection: A Population-based Cohort Study of Danish Children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2016;35(1):61-5. PMID: 26398871 
  29. Nielsen HE, Siersma V, Andersen S, Gahrn-Hansen B, Mordhorst CH, Nørgaard-Pedersen B, et al. Respiratory syncytial virus infection--risk factors for hospital admission: a case-control study. Acta Paediatr. 2003;92(11):1314-21.  https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2003.tb00502.x  PMID: 14696852 
  30. Moore HC, de Klerk N, Richmond P, Lehmann D. A retrospective population-based cohort study identifying target areas for prevention of acute lower respiratory infections in children. BMC Public Health. 2010;10(1):757.  https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-757  PMID: 21138593 
  31. Willmott M, Nicholson A, Busse H, MacArthur G, Brookes S, Campbell R. Effectiveness of hand hygiene interventions in reducing illness absence among children in educational settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Dis Child. 2015. PMID: 26471110 
  32. Poletti P, Merler S, Ajelli M, Manfredi P, Munywoki PK, Nokes D, et al. Evaluating vaccination strategies for reducing infant respiratory syncytial virus infection in low-income settings. BMC Med. 2015;13(1):49.  https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-015-0283-x  PMID: 25857701 
  33. Jefferson T, Del Mar CB, Dooley L, Ferroni E, Al-Ansary LA, Bawazeer GA, et al. Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011; (7):CD006207. PMID: 21735402 
  34. Cilla G, Sarasua A, Montes M, Arostegui N, Vicente D, Pérez-Yarza E, et al. Risk factors for hospitalization due to respiratory syncytial virus infection among infants in the Basque Country, Spain. Epidemiol Infect. 2006;134(3):506-13.  https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268805005571  PMID: 16638164 
  35. Colosia AD, Masaquel A, Hall CB, Barrett AM, Mahadevia PJ, Yogev R. Residential crowding and severe respiratory syncytial virus disease among infants and young children: a systematic literature review. BMC Infect Dis. 2012;12(1):95.  https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-12-95  PMID: 22520624 
  36. Bulkow LR, Singleton RJ, DeByle C, Miernyk K, Redding G, Hummel KB, et al. Risk factors for hospitalization with lower respiratory tract infections in children in rural Alaska. Pediatrics. 2012;129(5):e1220-7.  https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-1943  PMID: 22508919 
  37. Walton S, Elliman D, Bedford H. Missed opportunities to vaccinate children admitted to a paediatric tertiary hospital. Arch Dis Child. 2007;92(7):620-2.  https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.2006.104778  PMID: 17213260 
  38. Baker D, Garrow A, Shiels C. Inequalities in immunisation and breast feeding in an ethnically diverse urban area: cross-sectional study in Manchester, UK. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2011;65(4):346-52.  https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2008.085142  PMID: 20466709 
  39. Pearce A, Law C, Elliman D, Cole TJ, Bedford HMillennium Cohort Study Child Health Group. Factors associated with uptake of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR) and use of single antigen vaccines in a contemporary UK cohort: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2008;336(7647):754-7.  https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39489.590671.25  PMID: 18309964 
The contribution of child, family and health service factors to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospital admissions in the first 3 years of life: birth cohort study in Scotland, 2009 to 2015
<p class="citation"> <span>Citation style for this article:</span> <span class="meta-value authors"> <a href="/search?value1=Pia+Hardelid&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Hardelid Pia</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Maximiliane+Verfuerden&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Verfuerden Maximiliane</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Jim+McMenamin&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">McMenamin Jim</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Rosalind+L+Smyth&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Smyth Rosalind L</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Ruth+Gilbert&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Gilbert Ruth</a></span>. The contribution of child, family and health service factors to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospital admissions in the first 3 years of life: birth cohort study in Scotland, 2009 to 2015. <a href="/content/ecdc">Euro Surveill.</a> 2019;24(1):pii=1800046. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.1.1800046" title="doi link" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.1.1800046</a> <span class="ES_Article_citation"> <span class="generated">Received</span>: 30 Jan 2018;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class="generated">Accepted</span>: 07 Jul 2018 </span> </p>
/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.1.1800046
/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.1.1800046
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Submit comment
Close
Comment moderation successfully completed
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error