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Abstract

Background

Measles is still endemic in Italy and outbreaks are frequent. From 2016 to 2018, more than 7,000 measles cases were reported to the national integrated measles and rubella surveillance system, the largest outbreak since implementation of this system.

Aim

We aimed to describe the characteristics and spatiotemporal distribution of measles cases in Italy and explore determinants of incidence at municipality level.

Methods

We performed a retrospective observational study, mapping by municipalityall measles cases reported to the national surveillance system with symptom onset between 1 September 2016 and 31 July 2018. We also analysed measles–mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination coverage (VC) data (2000–2017) for the first and second dose, collected from the Ministry of Health. We used regression analysis to explore factors associated with measles incidence at municipality level.

Results

We analysed 7,854 cases, 3,927 (50%) female. Median age was 26 years; 475 cases (6%) were younger than 1 year. The outbreak occurred in two epidemic waves. The first started in central/northern regions (end of 2016), the second (mostly within 2018) was concentrated in southern regions. In 2016 and 2017, national VC was below 95% for both MMR doses. In 2017, only one region reported VC above 95% for the first dose. At municipality level, incidence was associated with higher urbanisation, less deprivation and fewer adults.

Conclusion

The spread of measles between September 2016 and July 2018 in Italy indicates the need to improve VC and to explore further how societal and other parameters might be linked to incidence.

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/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.17.1800679
2019-04-25
2024-04-23
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.17.1800679
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Spatiotemporal distribution and determinants of measles incidence during a large outbreak, Italy, September 2016 to July 2018
<p class="citation"> <span>Citation style for this article:</span> <span class="meta-value authors"> <a href="/search?value1=Xanthi+D+Andrianou&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Andrianou Xanthi D</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Martina+Del+Manso&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Del Manso Martina</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Antonino+Bella&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Bella Antonino</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Maria+Fenicia+Vescio&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Vescio Maria Fenicia</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Melissa+Baggieri&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Baggieri Melissa</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Maria+Cristina+Rota&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Rota Maria Cristina</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Patrizio+Pezzotti&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Pezzotti Patrizio</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Antonietta+Filia&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Filia Antonietta</a></span>. Spatiotemporal distribution and determinants of measles incidence during a large outbreak, Italy, September 2016 to July 2018. <a href="/content/ecdc">Euro Surveill.</a> 2019;24(17):pii=1800679. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.17.1800679" title="doi link" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.17.1800679</a> <span class="ES_Article_citation"> <span class="generated">Received</span>: 07 Dec 2018;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class="generated">Accepted</span>: 08 Apr 2019 </span> </p>
/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.17.1800679
/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.17.1800679
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