1887
Perspective Open Access
Like 0

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) should be tackled through a One Health approach, as stated in the World Health Organization Global Action Plan on AMR. We describe the landscape of AMR surveillance in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) and underline a gap regarding veterinary medicine. Current AMR surveillance efforts are of limited help to veterinary practitioners and policymakers seeking to improve antimicrobial stewardship in animal health. We propose to establish the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance network in Veterinary medicine (EARS-Vet) to report on the AMR situation, follow AMR trends and detect emerging AMR in selected bacterial pathogens of animals. This information could be useful to advise policymakers, explore efficacy of interventions, support antimicrobial stewardship initiatives, (re-)evaluate marketing authorisations of antimicrobials, generate epidemiological cut-off values, assess risk of zoonotic AMR transmission and evaluate the burden of AMR in animal health. EARS-Vet could be integrated with other AMR monitoring systems in the animal and medical sectors to ensure a One Health approach. Herein, we present a strategy to establish EARS-Vet as a network of national surveillance systems and highlight challenges of data harmonisation and bias. Strong political commitment at national and EU/EEA levels is required for the success of EARS-Vet.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.4.2001359
2021-01-28
2024-10-15
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.4.2001359
Loading
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/eurosurveillance/26/4/eurosurv-26-4-2.html?itemId=/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.4.2001359&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. World Health Organization (WHO). Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance. Geneva: WHO; 2015. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/193736/9789241509763_eng.pdf?sequence=1
  2. European Commission. A European One Health Action Plan against Antimicrobial Resistance. Brussels: European Commission; 2017. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/health/sites/health/files/antimicrobial_resistance/docs/amr_2017_action-plan.pdf
  3. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in Europe 2018. Stockholm: ECDC; 2019. Available from: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/surveillance-antimicrobial-resistance-Europe-2018.pdf
  4. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). EU protocol for harmonised monitoring of antimicrobial resistance in human Salmonella and Campylobacter isolates. Stockholm: ECDC; 2016. Available from: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/portal/files/media/en/publications/Publications/antimicrobial-resistance-Salmonella-Campylobacter-harmonised-monitoring.pdf
  5. European Commission. Directive 2003/99/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 November 2003 on the monitoring of zoonoses and zoonotic agents, amending Council Decision 90/424/EEC and repealing Council Directive 92/117/EEC. Official Journal of the European Union. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. 12.12.2003:L 325/31. Available from: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32003L0099&from=EN
  6. European Commission. Commission Implementing Decision of 12 November 2013 on the monitoring and reporting of antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and commensal bacteria. Official Journal of the European Union. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. 14.11.2013:L 303/26. Available from: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2013:303:0026:0039:EN:PDF
  7. European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). The European Union Summary Report on Antimicrobial Resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2017/2018. Parma, Stockholm: EFSA, ECDC; 2020. Available from: https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6007
  8. de Jong A, Thomas V, Klein U, Marion H, Moyaert H, Simjee S, et al. Pan-European resistance monitoring programmes encompassing food-borne bacteria and target pathogens of food-producing and companion animals. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2013;41(5):403-9.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2012.11.004  PMID: 23394810 
  9. Czech National Monitoring of Target Pathogens (CZ NMTP). National programme of monitoring antimicrobial resistance of pathogens with veterinary importance, data 2018. Praha, Jihlava: CZ NMTP; 2018. Czech. Available from: https://www.svscr.cz/wp-content/files/dokumenty-a-publikace/Zprava-RL-antibioticke-centrum-pro-veterinarni-klinickou-praxi-za-rok-2018.pdf
  10. DANMAP. Use of antimicrobial agents and occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from food animals, food and humans in Denmark. DANMAP; 2019. Available from: https://www.danmap.org/reports/2019.
  11. FINRES-Vet. Finnish Veterinary Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring and Consumption of Antimicrobial Agents. Helsinki: Finnish Food Authority; 2019. Available from: https://www.ruokavirasto.fi/globalassets/viljelijat/elaintenpito/elainten-laakitseminen/antibioottiresistenssin_seuranta/finres-vet_2018_141119.pdf
  12. RESAPATH. French surveillance network for antimicrobial resistance in diseased animals, 2018 annual report. RESPATH; 2020. Available from: https://www.anses.fr/fr/system/files/LABO-Ra-Resapath2018EN.pdf
  13. Bundesamt für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit (BVL). [Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety]. Resistenzsituation bei klinisch wichtigen tierpathogenen Bakterien. Bericht zur Resistenzmonitoringstudie 2018. [Resistance situation in clinically important animal pathogenic bacteria. Report on the resistance monitoring study 2018]. Berlin: BVL; 2020. German. Available from: https://www.bvl.bund.de/DE/Arbeitsbereiche/09_Untersuchungen/01_Aufgaben/03_Nationales%20Resistenz-Monitoring/untersuchungen_NatResistenzmonitoring_node.html
  14. Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI) and Department of Agriculture. Food and the Marine (DFAM). All-Island Animal Disease Surveillance Report 2016. Dublin, Belfast: AFBI, DFAM; 2017. Available from: https://www.afbini.gov.uk/sites/afbini.gov.uk/files/publications/All%20Island%20Disease%20Surveillance%20Report%202016.pdf
  15. Royal GD. Monitoring Diergezondheit, Jaarverslag 2018. [Animal Health Monitoring, annual report 2018]. Deventer: Royal GD; 2019. Dutch.
  16. NORM/NORM-VET. Usage of Antimicrobial Agents and Occurrence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Norway. Tromsø/Oslo: NORMNORM-VET; 2020. Available from: https://www.vetinst.no/en/surveillance-programmes/norm-norm-vet-report
  17. Public Health Agency of Sweden and National Veterinary Institute. Swedres-Svarm 2019. Solna, Uppsala: Public Health Agency of Sweden, National Veterinary Institute; 2020. Available from: https://www.sva.se/media/0hihej1c/swedres-svarm-2019.pdf
  18. UK-VARSS. UK Veterinary Antibiotic Resistance and Sales Surveillance Report (UK-VARSS 2019). New Haw, Addlestone: Veterinary Medicines Directorate; 2020. Available from: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/950126/UK-VARSS_2019_Report__2020-TPaccessible.pdf
  19. European Commission. Regulation (EU) 2016/429 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 2016 on transmissible animal diseases and amending and repealing certain acts in the area of animal health (‘Animal Health Law’). Official Journal of the European Union. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. 31.3.2016:L 84/1. Available from: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32016R0429&from=EN
  20. European Commission. Regulation (EU) 2019/6 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on veterinary medicinal products and repealing Directive 2001/82/EC. Official Journal of the European Union. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. 7.1.2019:L 4/43. Available from: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32019R0006&from=EN
  21. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). European Food Safety Authority (EFSA); European Medicines Agency (EMA). ECDC/EFSA/EMA second joint report on the integrated analysis of the consumption of antimicrobial agents and occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from humans and food-producing animals: Joint Interagency Antimicrobial Consumption and Resistance Analysis (JIACRA) Report. EFSA J. 2017;15(7):e04872. PMID: 32625542 
  22. Cassini A, Högberg LD, Plachouras D, Quattrocchi A, Hoxha A, Simonsen GS, et al. Attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years caused by infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the EU and the European Economic Area in 2015: a population-level modelling analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2019;19(1):56-66.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30605-4  PMID: 30409683 
  23. Liu Y-Y, Wang Y, Walsh TR, Yi L-X, Zhang R, Spencer J, et al. Emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mechanism MCR-1 in animals and human beings in China: a microbiological and molecular biological study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2016;16(2):161-8.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(15)00424-7  PMID: 26603172 
  24. Larsen R, Boysen L, Berg J, Guardabassi L, Damborg P. Lincosamide resistance is less frequent in Denmark in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius from first-time canine superficial pyoderma compared with skin isolates from clinical samples with unknown clinical background. Vet Dermatol. 2015;26(3):202-5, e43-4.  https://doi.org/10.1111/vde.12209  PMID: 25891140 
Submit comment
Close
Comment moderation successfully completed
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error