1887
Rapid communication Open Access
Like 0

Abstract

An extensive multi-country outbreak of multidrug-resistant monophasic Typhimurium infection in 10 countries with 150 reported cases, predominantly affecting young children, has been linked to chocolate products produced by a large multinational company. Extensive withdrawals and recalls of multiple product lines have been undertaken. With Easter approaching, widespread product distribution and the vulnerability of the affected population, early and effective real-time sharing of microbiological and epidemiological information has been of critical importance in effectively managing this serious food-borne incident.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.15.2200314
2022-04-14
2024-12-12
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.15.2200314
Loading
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/eurosurveillance/27/15/eurosurv-27-15-1.html?itemId=/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.15.2200314&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Zhou Z, Charlesworth J, Achtman M. HierCC: A multi-level clustering scheme for population assignments based on core genome MLST. Bioinformatics. 2021;37(20):3645-6.  https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btab234  PMID: 33823553 
  2. European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). The European Union One Health 2019 zoonoses report. EFSA J. 2021;19(2):e06406.  https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6406  PMID: 33680134 
  3. Jones TF, Ingram LA, Cieslak PR, Vugia DJ, Tobin-D’Angelo M, Hurd S, et al. Salmonellosis outcomes differ substantially by serotype. J Infect Dis. 2008;198(1):109-14.  https://doi.org/10.1086/588823  PMID: 18462137 
  4. Zhou Z, Alikhan NF, Sergeant MJ, Luhmann N, Vaz C, Francisco AP, et al. GrapeTree: visualization of core genomic relationships among 100,000 bacterial pathogens. Genome Res. 2018;28(9):1395-404.  https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.232397.117  PMID: 30049790 
  5. European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). EUCAST disk diffusion test methodology. Växjö, EUCAST; 2022. Available from: https://www.eucast.org/ast_of_bacteria/disk_diffusion_methodology
  6. European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters. Version 10. Växjö, EUCAST; 2021. Available from: https://www.eucast.org/clinical_breakpoints
  7. Werber D, Dreesman J, Feil F, van Treeck U, Fell G, Ethelberg S, et al. International outbreak of Salmonella Oranienburg due to German chocolate. BMC Infect Dis. 2005;5(1):7.  https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-5-7  PMID: 15691371 
  8. Komitopoulou E, Peñaloza W. Fate of Salmonella in dry confectionery raw materials. J Appl Microbiol. 2009;106(6):1892-900.  https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04144.x  PMID: 19245410 
  9. Rao M, Tamber S. Microbiological analysis of frozen profiteroles and mini chocolate eclairs implicated in a national salmonellosis outbreak. Food Microbiol. 2021;100:103871.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2021.103871  PMID: 34416968 
  10. Hockin JC, D’Aoust JY, Bowering D, Jessop JH, Khanna B, Lior H, et al. An international outbreak of Salmonella Nima from imported chocolate. J Food Prot. 1989;52(1):51-4.  https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X-52.1.51  PMID: 30991544 
  11. Olaimat AN, Osaili TM, Al-Holy MA, Al-Nabulsi AA, Obaid RS, Alaboudi AR, et al. Microbial safety of oily, low water activity food products: A review. Food Microbiol. 2020;92:103571.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2020.103571  PMID: 32950156 
  12. Waterman SR, Small PL. Acid-sensitive enteric pathogens are protected from killing under extremely acidic conditions of pH 2.5 when they are inoculated onto certain solid food sources. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998;64(10):3882-6.  https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.64.10.3882-3886.1998  PMID: 9758814 
  13. Aviles B, Klotz C, Smith T, Williams R, Ponder M. Survival of Salmonella enterica serotype Tennessee during simulated gastric passage is improved by low water activity and high fat content. J Food Prot. 2013;76(2):333-7.  https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-12-280  PMID: 23433384 
  14. Gill ON, Sockett PN, Bartlett CL, Vaile MS, Rowe B, Gilbert RJ, et al. Outbreak of Salmonella napoli infection caused by contaminated chocolate bars. Lancet. 1983;1(8324):574-7.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(83)92822-2  PMID: 6131266 
  15. Craven PC, Mackel DC, Baine WB, Barker WH, Gangarosa EJ. International outbreak of Salmonella Eastbourne infection traced to contaminated chocolate. Lancet. 1975;1(7910):788-92.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(75)92446-0  PMID: 48010 
  16. Hainsworth T. Surveillance and management of salmonella food poisoning. Nurs Times. 2006;102(28):23-4. PMID: 16869216 
  17. Besser JM, Carleton HA, Trees E, Stroika SG, Hise K, Wise M, et al. Interpretation of whole-genome sequencing for enteric disease surveillance and outbreak investigation. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2019;16(7):504-12.  https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2019.2650  PMID: 31246502 
  18. Pijnacker R, Dallman TJ, Tijsma ASL, Hawkins G, Larkin L, Kotila SM, et al. An international outbreak of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis linked to eggs from Poland: a microbiological and epidemiological study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2019;19(7):778-86.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30047-7  PMID: 31133519 
  19. Coipan CE, Dallman TJ, Brown D, Hartman H, van der Voort M, van den Berg RR, et al. Concordance of SNP- and allele-based typing workflows in the context of a large-scale international Salmonella Enteritidis outbreak investigation. Microb Genom. 2020;6(3):e000318.  https://doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.000318  PMID: 32101514 
  20. Jones G, Pardos de la Gandara M, Herrera-Leon L, Herrera-Leon S, Varela Martinez C, Hureaux-Roy R, et al. Outbreak of Salmonella enterica serotype Poona in infants linked to persistent Salmonella contamination in an infant formula manufacturing facility, France, August 2018 to February 2019. Euro Surveill. 2019;24(13):1900161.  https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.13.1900161  PMID: 30940315 
/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.15.2200314
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Supplementary data

Submit comment
Close
Comment moderation successfully completed
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error