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Abstract

Background

The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant in England coincided with a rapid increase in the number of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases in areas where the variant was concentrated.

Aim

Our aim was to assess whether infection with Alpha was associated with more severe clinical outcomes than the wild type.

Methods

Laboratory-confirmed infections with genomically sequenced SARS-CoV-2 Alpha and wild type between October and December 2020 were linked to routine healthcare and surveillance datasets. We conducted two statistical analyses to compare the risk of hospital admission and death within 28 days of testing between Alpha and wild-type infections: a matched cohort study and an adjusted Cox proportional hazards model. We assessed differences in disease severity by comparing hospital admission and mortality, including length of hospitalisation and time to death.

Results

Of 63,609 COVID-19 cases sequenced in England between October and December 2020, 6,038 had the Alpha variant. In the matched cohort analysis, we matched 2,821 cases with Alpha to 2,821 to cases with wild type. In the time-to-event analysis, we observed a 34% increased risk in hospitalisation associated with Alpha compared with wild type, but no significant difference in the risk of mortality.

Conclusion

We found evidence of increased risk of hospitalisation after adjusting for key confounders, suggesting increased infection severity associated with the Alpha variant. Rapid assessments of the relative morbidity in terms of clinical outcomes and mortality associated with emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants compared with dominant variants are required to assess overall impact of SARS-CoV-2 mutations.

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/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.20.2100377
2022-05-19
2024-04-25
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.20.2100377
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Assessment of mortality and hospital admissions associated with confirmed infection with SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant: a matched cohort and time-to-event analysis, England, October to December 2020
<p class="citation"> <span>Citation style for this article:</span> <span class="meta-value authors"> <a href="/search?value1=Gavin+Dabrera&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Dabrera Gavin</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Hester+Allen&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Allen Hester</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Asad+Zaidi&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Zaidi Asad</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Joe+Flannagan&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Flannagan Joe</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Katherine+Twohig&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Twohig Katherine</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Simon+Thelwall&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Thelwall Simon</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Elizabeth+Marchant&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Marchant Elizabeth</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Nurin+Abdul+Aziz&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Aziz Nurin Abdul</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Theresa+Lamagni&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Lamagni Theresa</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Richard+Myers&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Myers Richard</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Andr%C3%A9+Charlett&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Charlett André</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Fernando+Capelastegui&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Capelastegui Fernando</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Dimple+Chudasama&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Chudasama Dimple</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Tom+Clare&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Clare Tom</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Flavien+Coukan&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Coukan Flavien</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Mary+Sinnathamby&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Sinnathamby Mary</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Neil+Ferguson&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Ferguson Neil</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Susan+Hopkins&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Hopkins Susan</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Meera+Chand&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Chand Meera</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Russell+Hope&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Hope Russell</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Meaghan+Kall&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Kall Meaghan</a>, <a href="/search?value1=on+behalf+of+the++COG-UK+Consortium&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">on behalf of the COG-UK Consortium</a></span>. Assessment of mortality and hospital admissions associated with confirmed infection with SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant: a matched cohort and time-to-event analysis, England, October to December 2020. <a href="/content/ecdc">Euro Surveill.</a> 2022;27(20):pii=2100377. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.20.2100377" title="doi link" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.20.2100377</a> <span class="ES_Article_citation"> <span class="generated">Received</span>: 23 Mar 2021;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class="generated">Accepted</span>: 14 Feb 2022 </span> </p>
/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.20.2100377
/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.20.2100377
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