1887
Rapid communication Open Access
Like 0

Abstract

In response to the mpox outbreak in 2022 and 2023, widespread vaccination with modified vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN, also known as JYNNEOS or Imvanex) was initiated. Here, we demonstrate that orthopoxvirus-specific binding and MVA-neutralising antibodies waned to undetectable levels 1 year post vaccination in at-risk individuals who received two doses of MVA-BN administered subcutaneously with an interval of 4 weeks, without prior smallpox or mpox vaccination. Continuous surveillance is essential to understand the impact of declining antibody levels.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.38.2400575
2024-09-19
2024-10-06
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.38.2400575
Loading
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/eurosurveillance/29/38/eurosurv-29-38-2.html?itemId=/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.38.2400575&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. World Health Organization (WHO). Multi-country outbreak of mpox, External situation report#36- 14 September 2024. Geneva: WHO; 2024. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/multi-country-outbreak-of-mpox--external-situation-report-36--14-september-2024
  2. Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC). Africa CDC Declares mpox a public health emergency of continental security, mobilizing resources across the continent - 13 August 2024. Addis Ababa: Africa CDC; 2024. Available from: https://africacdc.org/news-item/africa-cdc-declares-mpox-a-public-health-emergency-of-continental-security-mobilizing-resources-across-the-continent
  3. World Health Organization (WHO). WHO Director-General declares mpox outbreak a public health emergency of international concern - 14 August 2024. Geneva: WHO; 2024. Available from: https://www.who.int/news/item/14-08-2024-who-director-general-declares-mpox-outbreak-a-public-health-emergency-of-international-concern
  4. Vakaniaki EH, Kacita C, Kinganda-Lusamaki E, O’Toole Á, Wawina-Bokalanga T, Mukadi-Bamuleka D, et al. Sustained human outbreak of a new MPXV clade I lineage in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Nat Med. 2024;xx(x):xx.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-024-03130-3  PMID: 38871006 
  5. World Health Organization (WHO). Smallpox and mpox (orthopoxviruses): WHO position paper, August 2024. Geneva: WHO; 2024. Available from: https://www.who.int/teams/immunization-vaccines-and-biologicals/policies/position-papers/smallpox-and-mpox-(orthopoxviruses). Accessed 15-09-2024.
  6. European Medicines Agency (EMA). Imvanex: EPAR - Annex I - Summary of product characteristics. Amsterdam: EMA. [Accessed 15 sep 2024]. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/product-information/imvanex-epar-product-information_en.pdf
  7. Shamier MC, Zaeck LM, Götz HM, Vieyra B, Verstrepen BE, Wijnans K, et al. Scenarios of future mpox outbreaks among men who have sex with men: a modelling study based on cross-sectional seroprevalence data from the Netherlands, 2022. Euro Surveill. 2024;29(17):2300532.  https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.17.2300532  PMID: 38666400 
  8. Zaeck LM, Lamers MM, Verstrepen BE, Bestebroer TM, van Royen ME, Götz H, et al. Low levels of monkeypox virus-neutralizing antibodies after MVA-BN vaccination in healthy individuals. Nat Med. 2023;29(1):270-8.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-022-02090-w  PMID: 36257333 
  9. Berry MT, Khan SR, Schlub TE, Notaras A, Kunasekaran M, Grulich AE, et al. Predicting vaccine effectiveness for mpox. Nat Commun. 2024;15(1):3856.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-48180-w  PMID: 38719852 
  10. Pischel L, Martini BA, Yu N, Cacesse D, Tracy M, Kharbanda K, et al. Vaccine effectiveness of 3rd generation mpox vaccines against mpox and disease severity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vaccine. 2024;42(25):126053.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.06.021  PMID: 38906763 
  11. Taub DD, Ershler WB, Janowski M, Artz A, Key ML, McKelvey J, et al. Immunity from smallpox vaccine persists for decades: a longitudinal study. Am J Med. 2008;121(12):1058-64.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.08.019  PMID: 19028201 
  12. Moraes-Cardoso I, Benet S, Carabelli J, Perez-Zsolt D, Mendoza A, Rivero A, et al. Immune responses associated with mpox viral clearance in men with and without HIV in Spain: a multisite, observational, prospective cohort study. Lancet Microbe. 2024;5(8):100859.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-5247(24)00074-0  PMID: 38857615 
  13. Oom AL, Kottkamp AC, Wilson KK, Yonatan M, Rettig S, Youn HA, et al. The durability and avidity of MPXV-specific antibodies induced by the two-dose MVA-BN mpox vaccine. medRxiv. 2024: 2024.01.28.24301893.  https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.01.28.24301893  https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.01.28.24301893 
  14. Priyamvada L, Carson WC, Ortega E, Navarra T, Tran S, Smith TG, et al. Serological responses to the MVA-based JYNNEOS monkeypox vaccine in a cohort of participants from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Vaccine. 2022;40(50):7321-7.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.10.078  PMID: 36344361 
  15. Ilchmann H, Samy N, Reichhardt D, Schmidt D, Powell JD, Meyer TPH, et al. One- and two-dose vaccinations with modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic induce durable B-cell memory responses comparable to replicating smallpox vaccines. J Infect Dis. 2023;227(10):1203-13.  https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiac455  PMID: 36408618 
  16. Crandell J, Monteiro VS, Pischel L, Fang Z, Zhong Y, Lawres L, et al. The impact of antigenic distance on Orthopoxvirus vaccination and Mpox infection for cross-protective immunity. medRxiv. 2024: 2024.01.31.24302065.  https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.01.31.24302065  https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.01.31.24302065 
  17. Guagliardo SAJ, Kracalik I, Carter RJ, Braden C, Free R, Hamal M, et al. Monkeypox Virus Infections After 2 Preexposure Doses of JYNNEOS Vaccine - United States, May 2022-May 2024. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2024;73(20):460-6.  https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7320a3  PMID: 38781111 
/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.38.2400575
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Supplementary data

Submit comment
Close
Comment moderation successfully completed
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error