1887
Rapid communication Open Access
Like 0

Abstract

Acute myocarditis has risen among paediatric patients in Italy, with 65 clinically suspected cases reported by 12 centres in 2024, 32 linked to parvovirus B19 (B19V) infection. In 11 cases, B19V was not ruled out despite a concurrent European outbreak. Twenty-nine children required intensive care; eight fatalities occurred. While effective for both severe B19V infection and myocarditis, intravenous immunoglobulins were given in only one-third of cases. These findings highlight the need for timely diagnosis, stronger surveillance, and standardised treatment protocols.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.48.2400746
2024-11-28
2024-12-07
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.48.2400746
Loading
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/eurosurveillance/29/48/eurosurv-29-48-5.html?itemId=/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.48.2400746&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Williams JL, Jacobs HM, Lee S. Pediatric Myocarditis. Cardiol Ther. 2023;12(2):243-60.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s40119-023-00309-6  PMID: 36906691 
  2. Cohen R, Ashman M, Taha MK, Varon E, Angoulvant F, Levy C, et al. Pediatric Infectious Disease Group (GPIP) position paper on the immune debt of the COVID-19 pandemic in childhood, how can we fill the immunity gap? Infect Dis Now. 2021;51(5):418-23.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idnow.2021.05.004  PMID: 33991720 
  3. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Risks posed by reported increased circulation of human parvovirus B19 in the EU/EEA. Stockholm: ECDC; 2024. Available from: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/risks-posed-reported-increased-circulation-human-parvovirus-b19-eueea
  4. Law YM, Lal AK, Chen S, Čiháková D, Cooper LT Jr, Deshpande S, et al. , American Heart Association Pediatric Heart Failure and Transplantation Committee of the Council on Lifelong Congenital Heart Disease and Heart Health in the Young and Stroke Council. Diagnosis and Management of Myocarditis in Children: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2021;144(6):e123-35.  https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001001  PMID: 34229446 
  5. Poeta M, Moracas C, Albano C, Petrarca L, Maglione M, Pierri L, et al. Pertussis outbreak in neonates and young infants across Italy, January to May 2024: implications for vaccination strategies. Euro Surveill. 2024;29(23):2400301.  https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.23.2400301  PMID: 38847118 
  6. Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Increase in Human Parvovirus B19 Activity in the United States. Atlanta: CDC; 2024. Available from: https://emergency.cdc.gov/han/2024/han00514.asp
  7. Giovanetti M, Branda F, Scarpa F, Ciccozzi M, Ceccarelli G. Letter to the editor: Severe parvovirus B19 infections in the immunocompetent population. Euro Surveill. 2024;29(29):2400438.  https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.29.2400438  PMID: 39027940 
  8. Krych S, Jęczmyk A, Jurkiewicz M, Żurek M, Jekiełek M, Kowalczyk P, et al. Viral Myocarditis as a Factor Leading to the Development of Heart Failure Symptoms, Including the Role of Parvovirus B19 Infection-Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25(15):8127.  https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25158127  PMID: 39125696 
  9. Pelzl L, Mantino S, Sauter M, Manuylova T, Vogel U, Klingel K. Lymphocytic Myocarditis in Children with Parvovirus B19 Infection: Pathological and Molecular Insights. Biomedicines. 2024;12(8):1909.  https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12081909  PMID: 39200373 
  10. Callon D, Joanne P, Andreoletti L, Agbulut O, Chevalier P, Fornès P. Viral myocarditis in combination with genetic cardiomyopathy as a cause of sudden death. An autopsy series. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2024;24(1):282.  https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-024-03913-z  PMID: 38811883 
  11. Verdonschot J, Hazebroek M, Merken J, Debing Y, Dennert R, Brunner-La Rocca HP, et al. Relevance of cardiac parvovirus B19 in myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy: review of the literature. Eur J Heart Fail. 2016;18(12):1430-41.  https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.665  PMID: 27748022 
  12. Schauer J, Newland D, Hong B, Albers E, Friedland-Little J, Kemna M, et al. Treating pediatric myocarditis with high dose steroids and immunoglobulin. Pediatr Cardiol. 2023;44(2):441-50.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00246-022-03004-w  PMID: 36097060 
  13. Lin MS, Tseng YH, Chen MY, Chung CM, Tsai MH, Wang PC, et al. In-hospital and post-discharge outcomes of pediatric acute myocarditis underwent after high-dose steroid or intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2019;19(1):10.  https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-018-0981-3  PMID: 30626332 
  14. Molina KM, Garcia X, Denfield SW, Fan Y, Morrow WR, Towbin JA, et al. Parvovirus B19 myocarditis causes significant morbidity and mortality in children. Pediatr Cardiol. 2013;34(2):390-7.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00246-012-0468-4  PMID: 22872019 
/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.48.2400746
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Submit comment
Close
Comment moderation successfully completed
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error