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Cross-border spread of a mosaic resistance (OXA-48) and virulence (aerobactin) plasmid in Klebsiella pneumoniae: a European Antimicrobial Resistance Genes Surveillance Network investigation, Europe, February 2019 to October 2024
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Marius Linkevicius1
, Erik Alm1
, Louise Roer2,3,4
, Olov Svartström1
, Maria Dada-Olorunwa1 , Kati Räisänen5
, Felix Reichert6
, Sophie Möller7 , Christina Clarke8
, Martin Cormican9
, Baiba Niedre-Otomere10
, Reinis Vangravs10
, Paulius Greičius11 , Olga Burduniuc12
, Maria Anton12
, Antoni P.A. Hendrickx4,13
, Sandra Witteveen13
, Vilhelm Müller14
, Daniel Palm1 , Diamantis Plachouras1
, Dominique L. Monnet1
, Henrik Hasman2,3,4
, Anke Kohlenberg1
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View Affiliations Hide AffiliationsAffiliations: 1 European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden 2 National Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark 3 European Union Reference Laboratory for Public Health in the Field of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) in Bacteria (EURL-PH-AMR) 4 European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) Study Group for Mobile Elements and Plasmids (ESGMAP), Basel, Switzerland 5 Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland 6 Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany 7 German National Reference Centre for Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative Bacteria, Department of Medical Microbiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany 8 Galway Reference Laboratory Service, Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland 9 School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland 10 National Microbiology Reference Laboratory of Latvia, Laboratory “Latvian Centre of Infectious Diseases”, Laboratory Service, Riga East University Hospital, Riga, Latvia 11 National Public Health Surveillance Laboratory, Vilnius, Lithuania 12 National Agency for Public Health, Ministry of Health, Chisinau, Moldova 13 Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands 14 Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, SwedenMarius LinkeviciusMarius.Linkevicius ecdc.europa.eu
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Citation style for this article: Linkevicius Marius, Alm Erik, Roer Louise, Svartström Olov, Dada-Olorunwa Maria, Räisänen Kati, Reichert Felix, Möller Sophie, Clarke Christina, Cormican Martin, Niedre-Otomere Baiba, Vangravs Reinis, Greičius Paulius, Burduniuc Olga, Anton Maria, Hendrickx Antoni P.A., Witteveen Sandra, Müller Vilhelm, Palm Daniel, Plachouras Diamantis, Monnet Dominique L., Hasman Henrik, Kohlenberg Anke. Cross-border spread of a mosaic resistance (OXA-48) and virulence (aerobactin) plasmid in Klebsiella pneumoniae: a European Antimicrobial Resistance Genes Surveillance Network investigation, Europe, February 2019 to October 2024. Euro Surveill. 2025;30(27):pii=2500439. https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.27.2500439 Received: 24 Jun 2025; Accepted: 10 Jul 2025
Abstract
An investigation of the European Antimicrobial Resistance Genes Surveillance Network (EURGen-Net) detected the same mosaic IncHI1B(pNDM-MAR) resistance (OXA-48) and virulence (aerobactin) plasmid in 492 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from eight European Union countries during 2019–2024. Involvement of various K. pneumoniae sequence types (STs), multiple introductions, followed by large clonal outbreaks of three STs (ST147, ST392, ST45) carrying the plasmid in two countries indicate a high risk for further spread of this plasmid and a potential for difficult-to-treat K. pneumoniae infections to rise.

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