1887
Surveillance and outbreak report Open Access
Like 0

Abstract

A food-borne outbreak of gastroenteritis with more than 650 suspected cases occurred in April 2016 in Sollentuna, Sweden. It originated in a school kitchen serving a total of 2,700 meals daily. Initial microbiological testing (for , adeno-, astro-, noro-, rota- and sapovirus) of stool samples from 15 symptomatic cases was negative, despite a clinical presentation suggestive of calicivirus. Analyses of the findings from both the Sollentuna municipality environmental team and a web-based questionnaire suggested that the source of the outbreak was the salad buffet served on 20 April, although no specific food item could be identified. Subsequent electron microscopic examination of stool samples followed by whole genome sequencing revealed a variant of sapovirus genogroup V. The virus was not detected using standard PCR screening. This paper describes the epidemiological outbreak investigation and findings leading to the discovery.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.22.30543
2017-06-01
2024-04-23
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.22.30543
Loading
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/eurosurveillance/22/22/eurosurv-22-22-2.html?itemId=/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.22.30543&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Oka T, Wang Q, Katayama K, Saif LJ. Comprehensive review of human sapoviruses. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2015;28(1):32-53.  https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00011-14  PMID: 25567221 
  2. de Wit MA, Koopmans MP, Kortbeek LM, Wannet WJ, Vinjé J, van Leusden F, et al. Sensor, a population-based cohort study on gastroenteritis in the Netherlands: incidence and etiology. Am J Epidemiol. 2001;154(7):666-74.  https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/154.7.666  PMID: 11581101 
  3. Rockx B, De Wit M, Vennema H, Vinjé J, De Bruin E, Van Duynhoven Y, et al. Natural history of human calicivirus infection: a prospective cohort study. Clin Infect Dis. 2002;35(3):246-53.  https://doi.org/10.1086/341408  PMID: 12115089 
  4. Pang XL, Preiksaitis JK, Lee BE. Enhanced enteric virus detection in sporadic gastroenteritis using a multi-target real-time PCR panel: a one-year study. J Med Virol. 2014;86(9):1594-601.  https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.23851  PMID: 24242161 
  5. Thongprachum A, Khamrin P, Maneekarn N, Hayakawa S, Ushijima H. Epidemiology of gastroenteritis viruses in Japan: Prevalence, seasonality, and outbreak. J Med Virol. 2016;88(4):551-70.  https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.24387  PMID: 26387663 
  6. Usuku S, Kumazaki M, Kitamura K, Tochikubo O, Noguchi Y. An outbreak of food-borne gastroenteritis due to sapovirus among junior high school students. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2008;61(6):438-41. PMID: 19050349 
  7. Kobayashi S, Fujiwara N, Yasui Y, Yamashita T, Hiramatsu R, Minagawa H. A foodborne outbreak of sapovirus linked to catered box lunches in Japan. Arch Virol. 2012;157(10):1995-7.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-012-1394-8  PMID: 22752792 
  8. Shibata S, Sekizuka T, Kodaira A, Kuroda M, Haga K, Doan YH, et al. Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel GV.2 Sapovirus Strain, NGY-1, Detected from a Suspected Foodborne Gastroenteritis Outbreak. Genome Announc. 2015;3(1):e01553-14.  https://doi.org/10.1128/genomeA.01553-14  PMID: 25676762 
  9. European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food-borne outbreaks in 2011. EFSA J. 2013;11(4):3129.
  10. Lee RM, Lessler J, Lee RA, Rudolph KE, Reich NG, Perl TM, et al. Incubation periods of viral gastroenteritis: a systematic review. BMC Infect Dis. 2013;13(1):446.  https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-13-446  PMID: 24066865 
  11. Rothman K. Episheet. [Accessed: May 2017]. Available from: www.krothman.org/episheet.xls
  12. Oka T, Katayama K, Hansman GS, Kageyama T, Ogawa S, Wu FT, et al. Detection of human sapovirus by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. J Med Virol. 2006;78(10):1347-53.  https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.20699  PMID: 16927293 
  13. Yoshida T, Kasuo S, Azegami Y, Uchiyama Y, Satsumabayashi K, Shiraishi T, et al. Characterization of sapoviruses detected in gastroenteritis outbreaks and identification of asymptomatic adults with high viral load. J Clin Virol. 2009;45(1):67-71.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2009.03.003  PMID: 19369115 
  14. Lee LE, Cebelinski EA, Fuller C, Keene WE, Smith K, Vinjé J, et al. Sapovirus outbreaks in long-term care facilities, Oregon and Minnesota, USA, 2002-2009. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(5):873-6.  https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1805.111843  PMID: 22516204 
  15. Stephan R, Joutsen S, Hofer E, Säde E, Björkroth J, Ziegler D, et al. Characteristics of Yersinia enterocolitica biotype 1A strains isolated from patients and asymptomatic carriers. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2013;32(7):869-75.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-013-1820-1  PMID: 23354676 
  16. Franck KT, Lisby M, Fonager J, Schultz AC, Böttiger B, Villif A, et al. Sources of Calicivirus contamination in foodborne outbreaks in Denmark, 2005-2011--the role of the asymptomatic food handler. J Infect Dis. 2015;211(4):563-70.  https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiu479  PMID: 25156563 
  17. Hallström B, Lagerqvist N, Lind-Karlberg M, Helgesson S, Follin P, Hergens M-P, et al. Complete genome sequence of a sapporo virus GV.2 variant from an outbreak in Sweden 2016. Genome Announc. 2017;5(5):e01446-16.  https://doi.org/10.1128/genomeA.01446-16  PMID: 28153884 
/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.22.30543
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Submit comment
Close
Comment moderation successfully completed
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error