- Diederik Brandwagt1,2,3, Cees van den Wijngaard1, Anna Dolores Tulen1, Annemieke Christine Mulder1, Agnetha Hofhuis1, Rianne Jacobs4, Max Heck1, Anjo Verbruggen1, Hans van den Kerkhof1, Ife Slegers-Fitz-James5, Lapo Mughini-Gras1, Eelco Franz1
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View Affiliations Hide AffiliationsAffiliations: 1 Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands 2 European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden 3 Municipal Health Service (GGD) Utrecht Region, Zeist, the Netherlands 4 Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands 5 Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA), Utrecht, the NetherlandsDiederik Brandwagtdiederik.brandwagt rivm.nl
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Citation style for this article: Brandwagt Diederik, van den Wijngaard Cees, Tulen Anna Dolores, Mulder Annemieke Christine, Hofhuis Agnetha, Jacobs Rianne, Heck Max, Verbruggen Anjo, van den Kerkhof Hans, Slegers-Fitz-James Ife, Mughini-Gras Lapo, Franz Eelco. Outbreak of Salmonella Bovismorbificans associated with the consumption of uncooked ham products, the Netherlands, 2016 to 2017. Euro Surveill. 2018;23(1):pii=17-00335. https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.1.17-00335 Received: 19 May 2017; Accepted: 04 Oct 2017
Outbreak of Salmonella Bovismorbificans associated with the consumption of uncooked ham products, the Netherlands, 2016 to 2017
Abstract
In January 2017, an increase in reported Salmonellaenterica serotype Bovismorbificans cases in the Netherlands was observed since October 2016. We implemented a case–control study to identify the source, including all cases after December 2016. Adjusted odds ratios were calculated using logistic regression analysis. We traced back the distribution chain of suspected food items and sampled them for microbiological analysis. Human and food isolates were sequenced using whole genome sequencing (WGS). From October 2016 to March 2017, 54 S. Bovismorbificans cases were identified. Sequencing indicated that all were infected with identical strains. Twenty-four cases and 37 controls participated in the study. Cases were more likely to have consumed ham products than controls (aOR = 13; 95% CI: 2.0–77) and to have shopped at a supermarket chain (aOR = 7; 95% CI: 1.3–38). Trace-back investigations led to a Belgian meat processor: one retail ham sample originating from this processor tested positive for S. Bovismorbificans and matched the outbreak strain by WGS. All ham products related to the same batch were removed from the market to prevent further cases. This investigation illustrates the importance of laboratory surveillance for all Salmonella serotypes and the usefulness of WGS in an outbreak investigation.

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