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Abstract

Background

Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) are frequent healthcare-associated infections and an important cause of death.

Aim

To analyse changes in CRBSI epidemiology observed by the Infection Control Catalan Programme (VINCat).

Methods

A cohort study including all hospital-acquired CRBSI episodes diagnosed at 55 hospitals (2007–2019) in Catalonia, Spain, was prospectively conducted. CRBSI incidence rates were adjusted per 1,000 patient days. To assess the CRBSI rate trend per year, negative binomial models were used, with the number of events as the dependent variable, and the year as the main independent variable. From each model, the annual rate of CRBSI diagnosed per 1,000 patient days and the incidence rate ratio (IRR) with its 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported.

Results

During the study, 9,290 CRBSI episodes were diagnosed (mean annual incidence rate: 0.20 episodes/1,000 patient days). Patients’ median age was 64.1 years; 36.6% (3,403/9,290) were female. In total, 73.7% (n = 6,845) of CRBSI occurred in non-intensive care unit (ICU) wards, 62.7% (n = 5,822) were related to central venous catheter (CVC), 24.1% (n = 2,236) to peripheral venous catheters (PVC) and 13.3% (n = 1,232) to peripherally-inserted central venous catheters (PICVC). Incidence rate fell over the study period (IRR: 0.94; 95%CI: 0.93–0.96), especially in the ICU (IRR: 0.88; 95%CI: 0.87–0.89). As a whole, while episodes of CVC CRBSI fell significantly (IRR: 0.88; 95%CI: 0.87–0.91), peripherally-inserted catheter CRBSI (PVC and PICVC) rose, especially in medical wards (IRR PICVC: 1.08; 95%CI: 1.05–1.11; IRR PVC: 1.03; 95% 1.00-1.05).

Conclusions

Over the study, CRBSIs associated with CVC and diagnosed in ICUs decreased while episodes in conventional wards involving peripherally-inserted catheters increased. Hospitals should implement preventive measures in conventional wards.

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2022-05-12
2024-04-26
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Trends in the epidemiology of catheter-related bloodstream infections; towards a paradigm shift, Spain, 2007 to 2019
<p class="citation"> <span>Citation style for this article:</span> <span class="meta-value authors"> <a href="/search?value1=Laia+Badia-Cebada&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Badia-Cebada Laia</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Judit+Pe%C3%B1afiel&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Peñafiel Judit</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Patrick+Saliba&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Saliba Patrick</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Marta+Andr%C3%A9s&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Andrés Marta</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Jordi+C%C3%A0mara&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Càmara Jordi</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Dolors+Domenech&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Domenech Dolors</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Emili+Jim%C3%A9nez-Mart%C3%ADnez&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Jiménez-Martínez Emili</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Anna+Marr%C3%B3n&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Marrón Anna</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Encarna+Moreno&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Moreno Encarna</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Virginia+Pomar&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Pomar Virginia</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Montserrat+Vaqu%C3%A9&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Vaqué Montserrat</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Enric+Lim%C3%B3n&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Limón Enric</a>, <a href="/search?value1=%C3%9Arsula+Masats&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Masats Úrsula</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Miquel+Pujol&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Pujol Miquel</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Oriol+Gasch&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Gasch Oriol</a>, <a href="/search?value1=on+behalf+of+the+VINCat+programme+%28Infection+Control+Catalan+Programme%29&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">on behalf of the VINCat programme (Infection Control Catalan Programme)</a></span>. Trends in the epidemiology of catheter-related bloodstream infections; towards a paradigm shift, Spain, 2007 to 2019. <a href="/content/ecdc">Euro Surveill.</a> 2022;27(19):pii=2100610. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.19.2100610" title="doi link" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.19.2100610</a> <span class="ES_Article_citation"> <span class="generated">Received</span>: 05 Jun 2021;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class="generated">Accepted</span>: 03 Dec 2021 </span> </p>
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